2023·02基础研究28ModernChemicalResearch当代化工研究2023·02基础研究28ModernChemicalResearch当代化工研究从退役磷酸铁锂电池拆解极粉回收电池级磷酸铁研究*黄开良温武深黄乐廖蔚峰*(深圳市捷晶科技股份有限公司广东518000)摘要:退役磷酸铁锂电池拆解得到的极粉废料主要成分为磷酸铁锂、碳黑及磷酸铁锂表面包覆碳等,项目采用碱浸方式去除铝杂质,采用硫酸+过氧化氢选择性提锂,提锂渣直接酸浸分离出石墨碳后回收得到磷酸铁。结果表明:可使极粉中铝含量降低至0.02%,锂的浸出率达98%以上,而铁浸出率在0.3%以下;回收的石墨碳产品纯度98%以上,浸出液合成制备的磷酸铁可以达到电池级。关键词:退役磷酸铁锂电池;极粉;回收;陈化转晶;电池级磷酸铁中图分类号:X705文献标识码:AResearchonRecoveryofBatteryGradeIronPhosphatefromRetiredLithiumIronPhosphateBatteryDismantlingPolePowderHuangKailiang,WenWushen,HuangLe,LiaoWeifeng*(ShenzhenJiejingTechCo.,Ltd.,Guangdong,518000)Abstract:Themaincomponentsoftheelectrodepowderobtainedfromthedismantlingofretiredlithiumironphosphatebatteriesarelithiumironphosphate,carbonblack,andcarboncoatedonthesurfaceoflithiumironphosphate,etc.AlkalineleachingtoremovealuminumimpuritiesandselectiveLithiumExtractionbySulfuricAcid+HydrogenPeroxideisstudied.Lithiumextractionslagisdirectlyacidleachedtoseparategraphitecarbonandthenrecoveredtoobtainironphosphate.Theresultshows:Aluminumcontentinthepolepowdercanbereducedto0.02%,theleachingrateoflithiumisover98%,andtheleachingrateofironisbelow0.3%.Therecoveredgraphitecarbonproducthasapurityofover98%,andtheferricphosphatesynthesizedfromtheleachingsolutioncanbeoverbatterygrade.Keywords:decommissionedlithiumironphosphatebattery;polepowder;recovery;agingcrystallization;batterygradeironphosphate磷酸铁锂动力电池目前已占据了约40%的市场份额[1-3]。按照5~8年的使用年限,最早推行的新能源汽车动力电池已达退役年限,后续将会迎来锂电池退役狂潮[4-5]。退役的磷酸铁锂电池拆解废料中除了铜、铝金属外,还有值得回收的有用成分如石墨碳、磷酸铁锂渣等[6-7]。湿法回收是退役磷酸铁锂电池的主流方法,通过浸出—沉淀工艺回收磷酸铁锂正极材料中的锂资源[8-9],其余物料只能回收低品...