ImmunologicalReviews.2020;297:39–52.|39wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/imrReceived:22June2020|Revised:8July2020|Accepted:9July2020DOI:10.1111/imr.12910INVITEDREVIEWPyroptoticandnon-pyroptoticeffectorfunctionsofcaspase-11ArwaAbuKhweek1|AmalO.Amer2ThisarticleispartofaseriesofreviewscoveringIntracellularInnateImmuneReceptorsandTheirSignalingPathwaysappearinginVolume297ofImmunologicalReviews.1DepartmentofBiologyandBiochemistry,BirzeitUniversity,WestBank,Palestine2DepartmentofMicrobialInfectionandImmunity,InfectiousDiseaseInstitute,CollegeofMedicine,TheOhioStateUniversity,Columbus,OH,USACorrespondenceAmalO.Amer,DepartmentofMicrobialInfectionandImmunity,CenterforMicrobialInterfaceBiology,CollegeofMedicine,TheOhioStateUniversity,Columbus,OH,USA.Email:Amal.Amer@osumc.eduFundinginformationStudiesintheAmerlaboratoryaresupportedbyNIAIDR01AI24121andNHLBIR01HL127651-01A1.ArwaAbuKhweekissupportedBirzeitUniversityandTaawonWelfareAssociation,WestBank,PalestineandBankofPalestine.AbstractInnateimmunecells,epithelialcells,andmanyothercelltypesarecapableofdetectinginfectionortissueinjury,thusmountingregulatedimmuneresponse.Inflammasomesarehighlysophisticatedandeffectiveorchestratorsofinnateimmunity.Theseoligomerizedmultiproteincomplexesareatthecenterofvariousinnateimmunepathways,includingmodulationofthecytoskeleton,productionandmaturationofcytokines,andcontrolofbacterialgrowthandcelldeath.Inflammasomeassemblyoftenresultsincaspase-1activation,whichisaninflammatorycaspasethatisinvolvedinpyroptoticcelldeathandreleaseofinflammatorycytokinesinresponsetopathogenpatternsandendogenousdangerstimuli.However,thenatureofstimuliandinflam-masomecomponentsarediverse.Caspase-1activationmediatedreleaseofmatureIL-1βandIL-18inresponsetocanonicalstimuliinitiatedbyNOD-likereceptor(NLR),andapoptosis-associatedspeck-likeproteincontainingacaspaserecruitmentdomain(ASC).Ontheotherhand,caspase-11delineatesanon-canonicalinflammasomethatpromotespyroptoticcelldeathandnon-pyroptoticfunctionsinresponsetonon-ca-no...
