REVIEWOpenAccessTheroleofubiquitinationanddeubiquitinationincancermetabolismTianshuiSun1,ZhuonanLiu2andQingYang1*AbstractMetabolicreprogramming,includingenhancedbiosynthesisofmacromolecules,alteredenergymetabolism,andmaintenanceofredoxhomeostasis,isconsideredahallmarkofcancer,sustainingcancercellgrowth.Multiplesignalingpathways,transcriptionfactorsandmetabolicenzymesparticipateinthemodulationofcancermetabolismandthus,metabolicreprogrammingisahighlycomplexprocess.Recentstudieshaveobservedthatubiquitinationanddeubiquitinationareinvolvedintheregulationofmetabolicreprogrammingincancercells.Asoneofthemostimportanttypeofpost-translationalmodifications,ubiquitinationisamultistepenzymaticprocess,involvedindiversecellularbiologicalactivities.Dysregulationofubiquitinationanddeubiquitinationcontributestovariousdisease,includingcancer.Here,wediscusstheroleofubiquitinationanddeubiquitinationintheregulationofcancermetabolism,whichisaimedathighlightingtheimportanceofthispost-translationalmodificationinmetabolicreprogrammingandsupportingthedevelopmentofnewtherapeuticapproachesforcancertreatment.Keywords:Ubiquitination,Deubiquitination,Cancer,MetabolicreprogrammingBackgroundMetabolicpathwaysareofvitalimportanceinproliferat-ingcellstomeettheirdemandsofvariousmacromole-culesandenergy[1].Comparedwithnormalcells,cancercellsownmalignantproperties,suchasincreasedproliferationrate,andresideinenvironmentsshortofoxygenandnutrient.Correspondingly,metabolicactiv-itiesarealteredincancercellstosupporttheirmalig-nantbiologicalbehaviorsandtoadapttostressfulconditions,suchasnutrientlimitationandhypoxia[1].Cancermetabolismisanoldfieldofresearch.Warburgeffectobservedinthe1920sprovidesaclassicalexampleofmetabolicreprogrammingincancer[2].Inthepastfewdecades,enhancedbiosynthesisofmacromolecules,alteredenergymetabolism,andmaintenanceofredoxhomeostasishavebeenobservedtobeessentialfeaturesofcancermetabolism.Alteredmetabolismincancercellshavearousedincreasingattentionandinterest[3].Becauseofthegenerality...
