MesenchymalStemCells:fromRegenerationtoCancerPeishanLia,b,ZhengGonga,b,LeonardD.Shultzb,andGuangwenRenb,*aTheKeyLaboratoryofExperimentalTeratology,MinistryofEducationandDepartmentofMolecularMedicineandGenetics,SchoolofBasicMedicalScience,ShandongUniversity,Jinan,Shandong,250012,ChinabTheJacksonLaboratory,BarHarbor,ME04609,USAAbstractMesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)aremultipotenttissuestemcellsthatdifferentiateintoanumberofmesodermaltissuetypes,includingosteoblasts,adipocytes,chondrocytesandmyofibroblasts.MSCswereoriginallyidentifiedinthebonemarrow(BM)ofhumansandothermammals,butrecentstudieshaveshownthattheyaremultilineageprogenitorsinvariousadultorgansandtissues.MSCsthatlocalizeatperivascularsitesfunctiontorapidlyrespondtoexternalstimuliandcoordinatewiththevascularandimmunesystemstoaccomplishthewoundhealingprocess.Cancer,consideredaswoundsthatneverheal,isalsoaccompaniedbychangesinMSCsthatparallelsthewoundhealingresponse.MSCsarenowrecognizedaskeyplayersatdistinctstepsoftumorigenesis.Inthisreview,weprovideanoverviewofthefunctionofMSCsinwoundhealingandcancerprogressionwiththegoalofprovidinginsightintothedevelopmentofnovelMSC-manipulatingstrategiesforclinicalcancertreatment.KeywordsMesenchymalstemcells;Regeneration;Cancer;Woundhealing;Tumormicroenvironment1.IntroductionMesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)aremultipotentprogenitorcellswiththepotentialtodifferentiateintodiversetypesoftissuecells,includingosteoblasts,adipocytes,chondrocytesandmyofibroblasts(Keating,2012;Singer&Caplan,2011).Thistypeoftissuestemcellplaysanessentialroleintissueregenerationandcloselyinteractswithcellsoftheimmunesysteminthetissuemicroenvironmentduringrepairfromtissuedamage(LeBlanc&Davies,2015;Y.Shietal.,2012;Uccelli,Moretta,&Pistoia,2008).Recently,MSCshavealsoemergedasanewplayerinthetumormicroenvironment,contributingto*Correspondingauthorat:TheJacksonLaboratory,BarHarbor,Maine,USA.Publisher'sDisclaimer:ThisisaPDFfileofanuneditedmanuscriptthathasbeenacceptedforpublication.Asaservicetoourcustomersweareprovidin...
