1521-0081/72/3/639–667$35.00https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.119.019026PHARMACOLOGICALREVIEWSPharmacolRev72:639–667,July2020Copyright©2020byTheAmericanSocietyforPharmacologyandExperimentalTherapeuticsASSOCIATEEDITOR:ERICL.BARKERStrategiestoModulateMicroRNAFunctionsfortheTreatmentofCancerorOrganInjuryTaeJinLee,XiaoyiYuan,KeithKerr,JiYoungYoo,DongH.Kim,BalveenKaur,andHolgerK.EltzschigDepartmentsofNeurosurgery(T.J.L.,K.K.,J.Y.Y.,D.H.K.,B.K.)andAnesthesiology(X.Y.,H.K.E.),McGovernMedicalSchool,UniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHouston,Houston,TexasAbstract....................................................................................640SignificanceStatement.......................................................................2I.Introduction................................................................................640II.Biology,Regulation,andDetectionofMicroRNA............................................641A.BiogenesisandWorkingMechanismofMicroRNA.......................................641B.RegulationofMicroRNAExpression.....................................................642C.MicroRNADetection....................................................................643III.MicroRNAsinHumanCancers..............................................................644A.MicroRNAsasTumorSuppressors......................................................644B.MicroRNAsasOncogenes...............................................................645C.CirculatingMicroRNAsasBiomarkersofHumanCancers...............................646IV.MicroRNAsinPerioperativeOrganInjury...................................................646A.AcuteRespiratoryDistressSyndrome...................................................646B.AcuteMyocardialInfarction.............................................................648C.AcuteGutInjury........................................................................650V.PharmacologicApproachesforMicroRNAModulation.......................................651A.Modificat...
