RhoGTPase(Human)Localization/ModificationsMajorEffectorsCellularFunctionsRolesinPhysiologyorDiseaseKnockoutPhenotypeRhoRhoA(RHOA)Plasmamembrane(PM)andcytosol/geranylgeranylation(GG),phosphorylation(PH),ubiquitination(Ub)ROCKI,ROCKII,Citron,mDia1,2Formationofstressfibers,focaladhesions.Cellmigration,microtubulestability,cell-celladhesion,vesicletrafficking,cytokinesis,phagocytosis.Promotestransformation,oncogenesis,invasion,andmetastasis.Upregulatedinhumantumors.Smoothmusclecontrac-tion.Inhibitsneuriteoutgrowth.UnknownRhoB(RHOB)PM,endosomesandotherintracellularmembranes/GG,farnesylation(F),palmitoylation(P)PRK/PKN,mDia1,2Formationofstressfibers,focaladhesions.Endosomaltransport.Inhibitstumorgrowth,cellmigration,andinvasion.Downregulatedintumors.Enhancedcarcinogen-inducedskintumorformationRhoC(RHOC)PMandcytosol/GGROCKI,ROCKII,citron,mDia1,FHOD1Formationofstressfibers,focaladhesions,cell-celladhesion.Promotestransformation,oncogenesis,invasion,andmetastasis.Upregulatedintumors.Dispensableforembryogen-esisbutessentialformetastasisRacRac1(RAC1)PMandcytosol/GGPAK1-3,MLK,IRSp53Formationoflamellipodia,focalcomplexes.Cellmigration,microtubulestability,cell-celladhesion,vesicletrafficking.Phagocytosis.NADPHoxidaseactivation.Promotestransformation,oncogenesis,metastasis,cellsurvival.Upregulatedintumors;Rac1bsplicevariantexpressedintumors.Myoblastfusion.EmbryoniclethalityRac2(RAC2)PMandcytosol/GGPAK1-3Formationoflamellipodia,focalcomplexes.NADPHoxidaseactivation,cellmigration.Upregulatedintumors.HematopoieticcelldefectsRac3(RAC3)PMandendomem-branes/GGPAK1-3Formationoflamellipodia,focalcomplexes.Hyperactiveorupregulatedinbreastcancer.Neuriteoutgrowth.AffectsnervoussystemfunctionRhoG(RHOG)PM,endosomes,andmitocondria/GG(predicted)ELMO,KinectinFormationoflamellipodia,membraneruffles,focalcomplexes.Cellmigration,phagocytosis.NADPHoxidaseactivation.Weaktransformingactivity.PreventsRastransformationoffibroblasts.Neuriteoutgrowth.MildimmunologicaldefectCdc42Cdc42(CDC...
