CB34CH07_ScheiffeleARI13July201813:40AnnualReviewofCellandDevelopmentalBiologyRegulationofNeuronalDifferentiation,Function,andPlasticitybyAlternativeSplicingElisabettaFurlanisandPeterScheiffeleBiozentrum,UniversityofBasel,4056Basel,Switzerland;email:peter.scheiffele@unibas.chAnnu.Rev.CellDev.Biol.2018.34:7.1–7.19TheAnnualReviewofCellandDevelopmentalBiologyisonlineatcellbio.annualreviews.orghttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062826Copyrightc⃝2018byAnnualReviews.AllrightsreservedKeywordsRNA-bindingproteins,splicecode,recognition,neuronalspecification,synapticplasticity,cellidentityAbstractPosttranscriptionalmechanismsprovidepowerfulmeanstoexpandthecod-ingpowerofgenomes.Innervoussystems,alternativesplicinghasemergedasafundamentalmechanismnotonlyforthediversificationofproteiniso-formsbutalsoforthespatiotemporalcontroloftranscripts.Thus,alternativesplicingprogramsplayinstructiverolesinthedevelopmentofneuronalcelltype–specificproperties,neuronalgrowth,self-recognition,synapsespeci-fication,andneuronalnetworkfunction.Herewediscussthemostrecentgenome-wideeffortsonmappingRNAcodesandRNA-bindingproteinsforneuronalalternativesplicingregulation.Weillustratehowalternativesplic-ingshapeskeystepsofneuronaldevelopment,neuronalmaturation,andsynapticproperties.Finally,wehighlighteffortstodissectthespatiotem-poraldynamicsofalternativesplicingandtheirpotentialcontributiontoneuronalplasticityandthematurenervoussystem.7.1ReviewinAdvancefirstpostedonJuly20,2018.(Changesmaystilloccurbeforefinalpublication.)Annu.Rev.CellDev.Biol.2018.34.Downloadedfromwww.annualreviews.orgAccessprovidedbyAustralianNationalUniversityon07/22/18.Forpersonaluseonly.CB34CH07_ScheiffeleARI13July201813:40ContentsINTRODUCTION...............................................................7.2RNAMOTIFS,RNA-BINDINGPROTEINS,ANDDISSECTIONOFTHESPLICECODE......................................................7.3FROMTISSUE-SPECIFICTOCELLTYPE–SPECIFICSPLICINGDISSECTION............................................
