ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectSeminarsinCancerBiologyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/semcancerReviewParallelsbetweenartificialreprogrammingandthebiogenesisofcancerstemcells:InvolvementoflncRNAsTheodoreP.Rasmussena,b,c,d,⁎aUniversityofConnecticut,DepartmentofPharmaceuticalSciences,69NorthEaglevilleRoad,Storrs,CT06269,USAbUniversityofConnecticut,DepartmentofMolecularandCellBiology,91NorthEaglevilleRoad,Storrs,CT06269,USAcUniversityofConnecticut,InstituteforSystemsGenomics,181AuditoriumRoad,Storrs,CT06269,USAdUniversityofConnecticut,UConnStemCellInstitute,400FarmingtonAvenueFarmington,CT06033,USAARTICLEINFOKeywords:lncRNAEpigeneticsReprogrammingStemcellsCancerstemcellsABSTRACTCellularidentityisestablishedandmaintainedbytheinterplayofcelltype-specifictranscriptionfactorsandepigeneticregulationofthegenome.Duringdevelopmentinvivoanddifferentiationinvitro,transitionsfromonecelltypetothenextaretriggeredbycellsignalingeventsculminatinginmodificationsofchromatinthatrendergenesaccessibleorinaccessibletothetranscriptionalapparatus.Inrecentyearsithasbecomeapparentthatcellularidentityisplastic,andtechnologicalreprogrammingmethodssuchassomaticcellnucleartransferandinducedpluripotencycanyieldreprogrammedcellsthathavebeenrestoredtoastateofdevelopmentalpotency.LongnoncodingRNAs(lncRNAs)areuntranslatedfunctionalRNAmoleculesthatareintimatelyinvolvedintheregulationofthechromatinofprotein-codinggenes.Infact,recentevidenceshowsthattherearemorelncRNAspeciesinthecellthanmRNAspeciesandthatmostprotein-codinggenesarelikelytobeunderepigeneticregulationmediatedbylncRNAs.ThisreviewexamineslncRNAfunctioninreprogrammedpluripotentcellsandcancerstemcells.Becausecancerstemcellsarisefromnormalcells,theirbiogenesiscanbeviewedasare-programmingprocessthatoccursinvivo,andparallelsbetweenartificialreprogrammingandcancerstemcellbiogenesisarediscussed.1.IntroductionCellularidentityismediatedinlargemeasurebytheexpressionofcelltype-specifictranscriptionfactorsandbyepigeneticmechanismsrootedin...
