Seeonlineversionforlegendandreferences.882Cell142,September3,2010©2010ElsevierInc.DOI10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.026SnapShot:NuclearReceptorsINeilJ.McKennaandBertW.O’MalleyBaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,TX77030,USAReceptor/Family*SymbolsLigandsMajorFunctionsDiseaseAssociationsTargetGenesEstrogenreceptors*ERα/NR3A1;ERβ/NR3A2Endogenous:17β-estradiolRegulationofcellgrowthandproliferationinmultipletissues(e.g.,femalereproductivetissues,bone,andCNS)Cancer,cardiovascular,immuneandinflammatory,metabolic,neurological,reproductive↑MYC,NGF,BCL2,CXCL2,IGF1,TYMS;↓CD36,NDRG1,NCOR1,NCOA3Clinical:Mixedagonists(e.g.tamoxifen,raloxifene,andtoremifeneinbreastcancer)Xenobiotics:BisphenolA,PCBsAndrogenreceptorAR/NR3C4Endogenous:Testosterone,dihydrotestosteroneKeyroleinmalereproductiveorgansinadditiontoothersystems(e.g.,CNS)Cancer,cardiovascular,immune,metabolic,neurological,reproductive↑MYC,VEGF,BCL2,IGF1,MUC1,P66(Shc),CCND1;↓TSHA,TSHB,PTEN,FAS,CASP2,CTNND2,ESR2,TMPRSS2Clinical:FlutamideandbicalutamideforprostatecancerandalopeciaGlucocorticoidreceptorGR/NR3C1Endogenous:Cortisol(hydrocortisone)Diversedevelopmentalandphysiologicalroles(e.g.,antagonismofinflammatorysignalingpathways,mediationofthestressresponse,andgluconeogenesis)Metabolic,cardiovascular,immuneandinflammatory,memory↑SCNN1A,GADD45B,GILZ,TAT;↓BGLAP,POMC,INSClinical:FluticasoneandprednisoloneininflammatorydisordersVitaminDreceptorVDR/NR1I1Endogenous:Calcitriol(1′,25′dihdroxyvitaminD3)Maintenanceofserumcalciumandphosphatelevelsforskeletalintegrity;antiproliferativeinmanytissuesBone,cancer,cardiovascular,metabolic,immuneandinflammatory,renal,neurological↑FGF23,CYP24A1,CALB1,BGLAP,SPP1;↓IL2,PHEXClinical:Paracalcitolfor2ohyperparathyroidisminrenalpatients;TacalcitolforpsoriasisThyroidhormonereceptors*TRα/NR1A1;TRβ/NR1A2Endogenous:Thyroxine(T4),Triiodothyronine(T3)Regulationofoxygenconsumption;protein,carbohydrate,lipid,andvitaminmetabolismThyroidconditions,cancer↑ADRB1,PCK2,GH1,UCP1;↓DIO2,EHHADH,PRL,EGFRClinica...
