ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectAgeingResearchReviewsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/arrReviewBiomarkers,oxidativestressandautophagyinskinagingYanpeiGua,JianxinHana,ChunpengJiangb,YingZhanga,*aZhejiangKeyLaboratoryforAgro-FoodProcessing,ZhejiangR&DCenterforFoodTechnologyandEquipment,CollegeofBiosystemsEngineeringandFoodScience,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,310058,PRChinabShanghaiEmeraldBiotechCo.Ltd,Shanghai,201203,PRChinaARTICLEINFOKeywords:SkinagingUVradiationBiomarkersOxidativestressAutophagyABSTRACTAgingisamajorcauseofmanydegenerativediseases.Themostintuitiveconsequenceofagingismainlymanifestedontheskin,resultingincumulativechangesinskinstructure,functionandappearance,suchasincreasedwrinkles,laxity,elastosis,telangiectasia,andaberrantpigmentationoftheskin.Unlikeotherorgansofthehumanbody,skinisnotonlyinevitablyaffectedbytheintrinsicagingprocess,butalsoaffectedbyvariousextrinsicenvironmentalfactorstoaccelerateaging,especiallyultraviolet(UV)radiation.Skinagingisahighlycomplexandnotfullyunderstoodprocess,andthelackofuniversalbiomarkersforthedefinitivedetectionandevaluationofagingisalsoamajorresearchchallenge.Oxidativestressinducedbytheaccumulationofreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)canleadtolipid,protein,nucleicacidandorganelledamage,thusleadingtotheoccur-renceofcellularsenescence,whichisoneofthecoremechanismsmediatingskinaging.Autophagycanmaintaincellularhomeostasiswhenfacedwithdifferentstressconditionsandisoneofthesurvivalmechanismsofcellresistancetointrinsicandextrinsicstress.Autophagyandaginghavemanyfeaturesincommonandmaybeassociatedwithskinagingmediatedbydifferentfactors.Here,wesummarizethechangesandbiomarkersofskinaging,anddiscusstheeffectsofoxidativestressandautophagyonskinaging.1.IntroductionEveryoneexperiencesagingfrombirth,andskinaginghasbothintrinsicandextrinsicfactors(Tobin,2017).Intrinsicagingoccursnotonlyontheskin,butalsoonalltissues(Makrantonakietal.,2013).Atthesametime,astheoutermostorganofthehumanbody,theskinsuffersfromenvironmentaldamagetoage...
