http://ebm.sagepub.com/ExperimentalBiologyandMedicinehttp://ebm.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/08/04/1535370214544269Theonlineversionofthisarticlecanbefoundat:DOI:10.1177/1535370214544269publishedonline4August2014ExpBiolMed(Maywood)Heon-JinLeeAdditionalstoriesofmicroRNAsPublishedby:http://www.sagepublications.comOnbehalfof:SocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicinecanbefoundat:ExperimentalBiologyandMedicineAdditionalservicesandinformationforhttp://ebm.sagepub.com/cgi/alertsEmailAlerts:http://ebm.sagepub.com/subscriptionsSubscriptions:http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.navReprints:http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.navPermissions:WhatisThis?-Aug4,2014OnlineFirstVersionofRecord>>atUNIVOFWISCONSINonSeptember8,2014ebm.sagepub.comDownloadedfromatUNIVOFWISCONSINonSeptember8,2014ebm.sagepub.comDownloadedfromMinireviewAdditionalstoriesofmicroRNAsHeon-JinLee1,21DepartmentofOralMicrobiologyandImmunology,SchoolofDentistry,KyungpookNationalUniversity,Daegu700-412,Korea;2BrainScienceandEngineeringInstitute,KyungpookNationalUniversity,Daegu700-412,KoreaCorrespondingauthor:Heon-JinLee.Email:heonlee@knu.ac.krAbstractMicroRNAs(miRNAs)havebeenshowntobemajorregulatorsofeukaryoticgeneexpression.Traditionally,miRNAswerethoughttocontrolhighlycomplexsignaltransductionandotherbiologicalpathwaysbytargetingcodingtranscripts,accountingfortheirimportantroleincellularevents.TraditionalmiRNAbiogenesisandfunctionfocusedonseveralkeyenzymesthatfunctionedinmiRNAmaturationandmiRNAinhibitoryfunctionuponbindingto30-untranslatedregionoftargettranscripts.However,recentstudieshaverevealedthatmiRNAbiosynthesisandfunctioniscomplicated,withmanyexceptionstoconventionalmiRNAmechanisms.InadditiontothosenoncanonicalmiRNAfunctions,thisreviewintroducesnewlydiscoveredbiogenesisandregu-latorymechanisms,aswellasanewclassofmiRNA-sizedsmallRNAandmiRNAmethylation.miRNAinhibitionandintercellularmiRNAsignalingarealsodiscussed.Takentogether,theseinsightsextendcurrentunderstandingofmiRNAs.Keywords:microRNA,sma...
