REVIEWOpenAccessLongnon-codingRNAstowardsprecisionmedicineingastriccancer:earlydiagnosis,treatment,anddrugresistanceLiYuan1†,Zhi-YuanXu2†,Shan-MingRuan1,ShaoweiMo1,Jiang-JiangQin2,3*andXiang-DongCheng2*AbstractGastriccancerisadeadlydiseaseandremainsthethirdleadingcauseofcancer-relateddeathworldwide.The5-yearoverallsurvivalrateofpatientswithearly-stagelocalizedgastriccancerismorethan60%,whereasthatofpatientswithdistantmetastasisislessthan5%.Surgicalresectionisthebestoptionforearly-stagegastriccancer,whilechemotherapyismainlyusedinthemiddleandadvancedstagesofthisdisease,despitethefrequentlyreportedtreatmentfailureduetochemotherapyresistance.Therefore,thereisanunmetmedicalneedforidentifyingnewbiomarkersfortheearlydiagnosisandpropermanagementofpatients,toachievethebestresponsetotreatment.Longnon-codingRNAs(lncRNAs)inbodyfluidshaveattractedwidespreadattentionasbiomarkersforearlyscreening,diagnosis,treatment,prognosis,andresponsestodrugsduetothehighspecificityandsensitivity.Inthepresentreview,wefocusontheclinicalpotentialoflncRNAsasbiomarkersinliquidbiopsiesinthediagnosisandprognosisofgastriccancer.WealsocomprehensivelydiscusstherolesoflncRNAsandtheirmolecularmechanismsingastriccancerchemoresistanceaswellastheirpotentialastherapeutictargetsforgastriccancerprecisionmedicine.Keywords:LncRNA,Gastriccancer,Precisionmedicine,Earlydiagnosis,Cancertreatment,ChemoresistanceBackgroundGastriccancerisoneofthemostcommonmalignanciesworldwide,withmorethanonemillionnewcaseseveryyear,andremainsthethirdleadingcauseofcancer-relateddeaths[1,2].Theclinicalstageatthetimeofdiagnosisdirectlydeterminestheprognosisofpatientswiththisdisease.Thepatientswithlocalized,early-stagegastriccancerusuallyhaveahigh5-yearoverallsurvival(OS)rate(>60%),whereasthe5-yearOSratesforgas-triccancerpatientswithlocalanddistantmetastasisdramaticallydecreaseto30and5%,respectively[2].Un-fortunately,duetotheoccultandatypicalnatureofearlyclinicalsymptomsofgastriccancer,morethan60%ofpatientshavelocalordistantmetastases...
