ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectSeminarsinCancerBiologyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/semcancerModulationofthetumormicroenvironmentbynaturalagents:implicationsforcancerpreventionandtherapyHaseebZubaira,b,1,2,MohammadAslamKhana,b,2,ShashiAnanda,b,SanjeevKumarSrivastavaa,b,SeemaSingha,b,c,AjayPratapSingha,b,c,*aDepartmentofPathology,CollegeofMedicine,UniversityofSouthAlabama,Mobile,AL,USAbMitchellCancerInstitute,UniversityofSouthAlabama,Mobile,AL,USAcDepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,CollegeofMedicine,UniversityofSouthAlabama,Mobile,AL,USAARTICLEINFOKeywords:TumormicroenvironmentNaturalproductsChemopreventionTherapeutictargetingPhytochemicalMarine-basedagentsABSTRACTThedevelopmentofcancerisnotjustthegrowthandproliferationofasingletransformedcell,butitssur-roundingenvironmentalsocoevolveswithit.Indeed,successfulcancerprogressiondependsontheabilityofthetumorcellstodevelopasupportivetumormicroenvironmentconsistingofvarioustypesofstromalcells.Theinteractionsbetweenthetumorandstromalcellsarebidirectionalandmediatedthroughavarietyofgrowthfactors,cytokines,metabolites,andotherbiomoleculessecretedbythesecells.Tumor-stromalcrosstalkcreatesoptimalconditionsforthetumorgrowth,metastasis,evasionofimmunesurveillance,andtherapyresistance,anditstargetingisbeingexploredforclinicalmanagementofcancer.Naturalagentsfromplantsandmarinelifehavebeenattheforefrontoftraditionalmedicine.Numerousepidemiologicalstudieshavereportedthehealthbenefitsimpartedontheconsumptionofcertainfruits,vegetables,andtheirderivedproducts.Indeed,asig-nificantmajorityofanti-cancerdrugsinclinicaluseareeithernaturallyoccurringcompoundsortheirderiva-tives.Inthisreview,wedescribefundamentalcellularandnon-cellularcomponentsofthetumormicro-environmentanddiscussthesignificanceofnaturalcompoundsintheirtargeting.Existingliteratureprovideshopethatnovelpreventionandtherapeuticapproacheswillemergefromongoingscientificeffortsleadingtothereducedtumorburdenandimproveclinicaloutcomesincancerpatients.1.Int...
