DNAvirusesmCMVVacciniaHerpesvirusesCytosolicbacteriaFrancisellatularensisListeriamonocyotgenesASCKSHVDNAAIM2IFI16NUCLEUSNUCLEUSSignal1ASCNLRorALRActivecaspase-1IL-1bIL-18Signal2RECEPTORADAPTOREFFECTORInflammasomecomplexBasicinflammasomestructureASCNLRP6NLRP12Microbes?(Inhumanmonocytes¯ophages)DiacylatedlipopeptidesYersiniapestisNAIPs5/6NAIP2FlagellinPrgJProcaspase-1Procaspase-1Procaspase-1BacteriumcontainingtypeIIIsecretionsystemSalmonellatyphimuriumPseuodomonasaeruginosaNLRC4/IPAFNLRP7IntestinalinflammationandhomeostasisPKC-δPPROSGBP5OxidizedmitochondrialDNABacterialmRNALysosomaldestabilizationP2X7receptorPotassiumeffuxASCProcaspase-1Procaspase-1Gram-negativeBacteriaActivecaspase-11TLR4TRIFTypeIinterferonsCelldeathIL-1a&HMGB1releaseMitochondrionM2channelH+H+Trans-golgiERstressROSEndoplasmicreticulum(ER)Activecaspase-1pro-IL-1bpro-IL-18pro-IL-1bpro-IL-18Signal3NLRP3CelldeathIL-1a&HMGB1releaseIL-1bIL-18Ca2+Ca2+Ca2+InsP3InhibitionofcAMPCASRPLCATPACAnthraxlethaltoxinLFPANLRP1bSeeonlineversionforlegendandreferences.272Cell153,March28,2013©2013ElsevierInc.DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.009SnapShot:InflammasomesManinjayK.Atianand,1VijayA.Rathinam,1andKatherineA.Fitzgerald11DivisionofInfectiousDiseasesandImmunology,UniversityofMassachusettsMedicalSchool,Worcester,MA01605,USA272.e1Cell153,March28,2013©2013ElsevierInc.DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.009SnapShot:InflammasomesManinjayK.Atianand,1VijayA.Rathinam,1andKatherineA.Fitzgerald11DivisionofInfectiousDiseasesandImmunology,UniversityofMassachusettsMedicalSchool,Worcester,MA01605,USALargemultiproteincomplexesreferredtoasinflammasomesforminthecytosolduringinfectionorinresponsetoendogenousdangersignalsreleasedfromdamagedordyingcellsandregulatetheprocessingandsecretionofIL-1βandIL-18aswellasaninflammatoryformofcelldeathcalledpyroptosis.Inflammasomeshaveemergedascentralmedia-torsofthehostresponsetopathogensandarealsoimportantcontributorstosterileinflammatorydiseases.InflammasomeAssemblyandF...
