April2018|Volume9|Article7451Reviewpublished:13April2018doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745FrontiersinImmunology|www.frontiersin.orgEditedby:JuditPongracz,UniversityofPécs,HungaryReviewedby:MasahideTone,Cedars-SinaiMedicalCenter,UnitedStatesMariaCeciliaG.Marcondes,SanDiegoBiomedicalResearchInstitute,UnitedStates*Correspondence:AlexandreValléealexandre.g.vallee@gmail.comSpecialtysection:ThisarticlewassubmittedtoImmunologicalToleranceandRegulation,asectionofthejournalFrontiersinImmunologyReceived:06January2018Accepted:26March2018Published:13April2018Citation:ValléeAandLecarpentierY(2018)CrosstalkBetweenPeroxisomeProliferator-ActivatedReceptorGammaandtheCanonicalWNT/β-CateninPathwayinChronicInflammationandOxidativeStressDuringCarcinogenesis.Front.Immunol.9:745.doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745CrosstalkBetweenPeroxisomeProliferator-ActivatedReceptorGammaandtheCanonicalwNT/β-CateninPathwayinChronicinflammationandOxidativeStressDuringCarcinogenesisAlexandreVallée1*andYvesLecarpentier21DRCI,HôpitalFoch,Suresnes,France,2CentredeRechercheClinique,GrandHôpitaldel’EstFrancilien(GHEF),Meaux,FranceInflammationandoxidativestressarecommonandco-substantialpathologicalprocessesaccompanying,promoting,andeveninitiatingnumerouscancers.ThecanonicalWNT/β-cateninpathwayandperoxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorgamma(PPARγ)generallyworkinopposition.Ifoneofthemisupregulated,theotheroneisdownregulatedandviceversa.WNT/β-cateninsignalingisupregulatedininflammatoryprocessesandoxidativestressandinmanycancers,althoughtherearesomeexceptionsforcancers.TheoppositeisobservedwithPPARγ,whichisgen-erallydownregulatedduringinflammationandoxidativestressandinmanycancers.ThishelpstoexplaininparttheoppositeandunidirectionalprofileofthecanonicalWNT/β-cateninsignalingandPPARγinthesethreefrequentandmorbidprocessesthatpotentiateeachotherandcreateaviciouscircle.Manyintracellularpathwayscommonlyinvolveddownstreamwillhelpmaintainandamplifyinflammation,oxidativestress,andcancer.Thus,manyWNT/β-catenintargetg...
