MolecularCellMinireviewEpigeneticControlofAutophagy:NuclearEventsGainMoreAttentionSungHeeBaek1,*andKeunIlKim2,*1CreativeResearchInitiativesCenterforChromatinDynamics,SchoolofBiologicalSciences,SeoulNationalUniversity,Seoul08826,SouthKorea2DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,SookmyungWomen’sUniversity,Seoul04310,SouthKorea*Correspondence:sbaek@snu.ac.kr(S.H.B.),kikim@sookmyung.ac.kr(K.I.K.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.12.027Autophagyisanevolutionarilyconservedcatabolicprocess.Althoughthecomponentsofautophagyincyto-plasmhavebeenwell-studied,themolecularbasisfortheepigeneticregulationofautophagyispoorlyun-derstood.Itisbecomingmoreimportanttoproposea‘‘whole-cellview’’ofautophagyembracingbothcyto-plasmicandnuclearevents.Thus,itisgreattimingtosummarizecurrentstatusanddiscussfuturedirection.IntroductionMacroautophagy/autophagyisahighlyconservedself-digestionprocess,essentialformaintaininghomeostasisandviabilityinresponsetovariousstressesincludingnutrientandenergystar-vation(Lumetal.,2005;Mizushimaetal.,2008).Dysregulatedautophagyisrelatedtomanyhumandiseases,includingcancerandneurodegenerativediseases(LevineandKroemer,2008).Althoughautophagyismainlyseenasacytoplasmicevent,recentstudiesrevealthattranscriptionalandepigeneticregula-tionoccurringinthenucleusiscriticalfortheautophagicprocess(F€ullgrabeetal.,2014).HistonemodificationsexertedbyCARM1H3R17methyltransferase(Shinetal.,2016),G9aH3K9methyl-transferase(Artal-MartinezdeNarvajasetal.,2013),EZH2H3K27methyltransferase(Weietal.,2015),SIRT1H4K16de-acetylase,anditscounterparthMOFH4K16acetyltransferase(F€ullgrabeetal.,2013)havebeenreportedascriticalnucleareventsofautophagythusfar.Thisminireviewwillbefocusedontheepigeneticandtranscriptionalcontrolofautophagy,whichismainlytriggeredbyupstreamsignalingcascadesandthenmodulatedbyepigeneticenzymesinthenucleus.HistoneModificationsandEpigeneticEnzymesLinkedtotheRegulationofAutophagyHistonesaresubjecttoavarietyofpost-translationalmodifica-tions(PTMs)includingphosphorylatio...
