EN60CH23-ReinbergARI10October201414:4REVIEWSINADVANCEDNAMethylationinSocialInsects:HowEpigeneticsCanControlBehaviorandLongevityHuaYan,1RobertoBonasio,2,3DanielF.Simola,2,3J¨urgenLiebig,4ShelleyL.Berger,2,3,5,6andDannyReinberg1,7,∗1DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularPharmacologyand7HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,NewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicine,NewYork,NY10016;email:hua.yan@nyumc.org,danny.reinberg@nyumc.org2DepartmentofCellandDevelopmentalBiology,3EpigeneticsProgram,and5DepartmentofGenetics,UniversityofPennsylvaniaPerelmanSchoolofMedicine,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104;email:rbon@mail.med.upenn.edu,simola@mail.med.upenn.edu,bergers@mail.med.upenn.edu6DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania191044SchoolofLifeSciences,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona85283;email:jliebig@asu.eduAnnu.Rev.Entomol.2015.60:23.1–23.18TheAnnualReviewofEntomologyisonlineatento.annualreviews.orgThisarticle’sdoi:10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020803Copyrightc⃝2015byAnnualReviews.Allrightsreserved∗CorrespondingauthorKeywordsenvironment,plasticity,genebodymethylation,transcription,alternativesplicingAbstractIneusocialinsects,geneticallyidenticalindividualscanexhibitstrikingdif-ferencesinbehaviorandlongevity.Themolecularbasisofsuchphenotypicplasticityisofgreatinteresttothescientificcommunity.DNAmethylation,aswellasotherepigeneticsignals,playsanimportantroleinmodulatinggeneexpressionandcanthereforeestablish,sustain,andalterorganism-levelphenotypes,includingbehaviorandlifespan.UnlikeDNAmethylationinmammals,DNAmethylationininsects,includingeusocialinsects,isen-richedingenebodiesofactivelyexpressedgenes.Recentinvestigationshaverevealedtheimportantroleofgenebodymethylationinregulatinggeneexpressioninresponsetointrinsicandenvironmentalfactors.Inthisreview,wesummarizerecentadvancesinDNAmethylationresearchanddiscussitssignificanceinourunderstandingoftheepigeneticunderpinningsofbehav-iorandlongevity.23.1ReviewinAdvancefirstpostedonlineonOctober17,2014.(Changesmaystill...
