BiologicalFunctionsofAutophagyGenes:ADiseasePerspectiveBethLevine1,2,3andGuidoKroemer4,5,6,7,8,9,101CenterforAutophagyResearch,DepartmentofInternalMedicine,UniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,Dallas,TX75390;2HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,UniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,Dallas,TX75390;3DepartmentofMicrobiology,UniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,Dallas,TX75390;4Equipe11labelliséeparlaLiguecontreleCancer,CentredeRecherchedesCordeliers;75006Paris,France;5CellBiologyandMetabolomicsplatforms,GustaveRoussyCancerCampus;94805Villejuif,France;6INSERM,U1138,75006Paris,France;7UniversitéParisDescartes,SorbonneParisCité;75006Paris,France;8UniversitéPierreetMarieCurie,SorbonneUniversité,75006Paris,France;9PôledeBiologie,HôpitalEuropéenGeorgesPompidou,AP-HP;75015Paris,France;10KarolinskaInstitute,DepartmentofWomen’sandChildren’sHealth,KarolinskaUniversityHospital,17176Stockholm,SwedenAbstractThelysosomaldegradationpathwayofautophagyplaysafundamentalroleincellular,tissueandorganismalhomeostasisandismediatedbyevolutionarilyconservedautophagy-related(ATG)genes.Definitiveetiologicallinksexistbetweenmutationsingenesthatcontrolautophagyandhumandisease,especiallyneurodegenerative,inflammatorydisordersandcancer.Autophagyselectivelytargetsdysfunctionalorganelles,intracellularmicrobesandpathogenicproteins,anddeficienciesintheseprocessesmayleadtodisease.Moreover,ATGgeneshavediversephysiologicallyimportantrolesinothermembranetraffickingandsignallingpathways.ThisCorrespondence:GuidoKroemerKroemer@orange.fr,BethLevinebeth.levine@utsouthwestern.edu.Publisher'sDisclaimer:ThisisaPDFfileofanuneditedmanuscriptthathasbeenacceptedforpublication.Asaservicetoourcustomersweareprovidingthisearlyversionofthemanuscript.Themanuscriptwillundergocopyediting,typesetting,andreviewoftheresultingproofbeforeitispublishedinitsfinalcitableform.Pleasenotethatduringtheproductionprocesserrorsmaybediscoveredwhichcouldaffectthecontent,andalllegaldisclaimersthatapplytothejournalpertain...
