Seeonlineversionforabbreviationsandreferences.SnapShot:CytokinesICristinaM.TatoandDanielJ.CuaSchering-PloughBiopharma(FormerlyDNAXResearch),PaloAlto,CA94304,USA324Cell132,January25,2008©2008ElsevierInc.DOI10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.001CytokineReceptorSourceTargetsMajorFunctionDiseaseAssociationInterleukin(IL)-1α;IL-1bIL1RIandIL1R-AcPMacrophages,manyothersMacrophages,thymocytes,CNS,othersInflammatory;promotesactivation,costimulation,andsecretionofcytokinesandotheracute-phaseproteins;pyrogenic↑=inflammatoryboneresorption;gout;promotesTh17responseIL-1ra(antagonist)Solubledecoyreceptor:IL1RIIandIL1R-AcPIL-1raandthesolubledecoyreceptorcomplexinhibitIL-1-mediatedinflammatoryresponsesIL-2IL2Rα,IL2Rb,andIL2RγTcellsT,B,NKcells,andmacrophagesProliferation;enhance-mentofcytotoxicity,IFNγsecretion,andantibodyproduction↓=lymphoproliferativediseaseandsusceptibilitytoautoimmunedisease;reducedTregdevelopment.↑=reducedTh17development.IL-3IL3RαandbcTcells,mastcells,eosinophilsHematopoieticprogenitors,macro-phages,mastcellsDifferentiationandsurvivaloflymphoidandmyeloidcompartmentIL-4IL4RαandIL2RγorIL4RαandIL13RTcells,mastcellsTcells,Bcells,macrophages,monocytesProliferation;differentiationofTh2;promotesIgGandIgEproduction;inhibitscell-mediatedimmunityandTh17development↓=susceptibilitytoextracellularpathogensanddecreasedresponsetoallergens.↑=allergicasthma.IL-5IL5RαandbcTh2cellsEosinophils,BcellsProliferationandactivation;hallmarkofTh2effectorcells↓=eosinophilandB-1celldeficiency.↑=allergicasthma.IL-6IL6Rαandgp130Macrophages,Tcells,fibroblasts,andothersWidevarietyofcells:Bcells,Tcells,thymocytes,myeloidcells,osteoclastsInflammatoryandcostimulatoryaction;inducesproliferationanddifferentiation;synergizeswithTGFbtodriveTh17↓=deficientinnateimmunityandacute-phaseresponses,lymphopeniaIL-7IL7RαandIL2RγThymicstromalcells,bonemarrow,andspleenBcells,Tcells,thymocytesHomeostasis,differentia-tion,andsurvival↓=severecombinedimmunedeficiency(SCID)IL-9IL9RandIL2RγTcells(Th2)Tce...
