Cancer Statistics, 2017.pdf

Cancer Statistics,2017Rebecca L.Siegel,MPH1;Kimberly D.Miller,MPH2;Ahmedin Jemal,DVM,PhD3Abstract:Each year,the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new can-cer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and com-piles the most recent data on cancer incidence,mortality,and survival.Incidence datawere collected by the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results Program;the NationalProgram of Cancer Registries;and the North American Association of Central CancerRegistries.Mortality data were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics.In2017,1,688,780 new cancer cases and 600,920 cancer deaths are projected to occurin the United States.For all sites combined,the cancer incidence rate is 20%higher inmen than in women,while the cancer death rate is 40%higher.However,sex disparitiesvary by cancer type.For example,thyroid cancer incidence rates are 3-fold higher inwomen than in men(21 vs 7 per 100,000 population),despite equivalent death rates(0.5 per 100,000 population),largely reflecting sex differences in the“epidemic of diag-nosis.”Over the past decade of available data,the overall cancer incidence rate(2004-2013)was stable in women and declined by approximately 2%annually in men,while thecancer death rate(2005-2014)declined by about 1.5%annually in both men and women.From 1991 to 2014,the overall cancer death rate dropped 25%,translating to approxi-mately 2,143,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rateshad remained at their peak.Although the cancer death rate was 15%higher in blacksthan in whites in 2014,increasing access to care as a result of the Patient Protectionand Affordable Care Act may expedite the narrowing racial gap;from 2010 to 2015,theproportion of blacks who were uninsured halved,from 21%to 11%,as it did for Hispanics(31%to 16%).Gains in coverage for traditionally underserved Americans will facilitate thebroader application of existing cancer control knowledge across every segment of thepopulation.CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:730.VC2017 American Cancer Society.Keywords:cancer cases,cancer statistics,death rates,incidence,mortalityIntroductionCancer is a major public health problem worldwide and is the second leading cause ofdeath in the United States.In this article,we provide the expected numbers of newcancer cases and deaths in 2017 in the United States nationally and for each state,aswell as a comprehensive overview of cancer incidence,mortality,and survival rates andtrends using population-based data.The most current cancer data are availablethrough 2013 for incidence and through 2014 for mortality.We also estimate the totalnumber of deaths averted as a result of the continual decline in cancer death rates sincethe early 1990s.In addition,we present the actual number of deaths reported in 2014by age for the 10 leading causes of death and for the 5 leading causes of cancer death.Materials and MethodsIncidence and Mortality DataMortality data from 1930 to 2014 were provided by the National Center forHealth Statistics(NCHS).1-3Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia metdata quality requirements for reporting to the national vital statistics system in1930.Texas,Alaska,and Hawaii began reporting mortality data in 1933,1959,and 1960,respectively.The methods for abstraction and age adjustment of mortal-ity data are described elsewhere.3,4Population-based cancer incidence data in the United States have been collectedby the National Cancer Institutes(NCIs)Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End1Strategic Director,Surveillance InformationServices,Surveillance and Health ServicesResearch,American Cancer Society,Atlanta,GA;2Epidemiologist,Surveillance and HealthServices Research,American Cancer Society,Atlanta,GA;3Vice President,Surveillance andHealth Services Research,American CancerSociety,Atlanta,GACorresponding author:Rebecca L.Siegel,MPH,Surveillance Information Services,Sur-veillance and Health Services Research,Amer-ican Cancer Society,250 Williams St,NW,Atlanta,GA 30303-1002;Rebecca.siegelcan-cer.orgDISCLOSURES:The authors report no con-flicts of interest.doi:10.3322/caac.21387.Available onlineat VOLUME 67_NUMBER 1_JANUARY/FEBRUARY 20177CA CANCER J CLIN 2017;67:730TABLE 1.Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex,United States,2017*ESTIMATED NEW CASESESTIMATED DEATHSBOTH SEXESMALEFEMALEBOTH SEXESMALEFEMALEAll Sites1,688,780836,150852,630600,920318,420282,500Oral cavity&pharynx49,67035,72013,9509,7007,0002,700Tongue16,40011,8804,5202,4001,670730Mouth13,2107,8005,4102,5801,680900Pharynx17,00013,7803,2203,0502,340710Other oral cavity3,0602,2608001,6701,310360Digestive system310,440175,650134,790157,70092,35065,350Esophagus16,94013,3603,58015,69012,7202,970Stomach28,00017,75010,25010,9606,7204,240Small intestine10,1905,3804,8101,390770620Colon95,52047,70047,82050,26027,15023,110Rectum39,91023,72016,190Anus,anal canal,&anorectum8,2002,9505,2501,100450650Liver&intrahepatic bile duct40,71029,20011,51028,92019,6109,310Gallbladder&other biliary11,7405,3206,4203,8301,6302,200Pancreas53,67027,97025,70043,09022,30020,790Other digestive organs5,5602,3003,2602,4601,0001,460Respiratory system243,170133,050110,120160,42088,10072,320Larynx13,36010,5702,7903,6602,940720Lung&bronchus222,500116,990105,510155,87084,59071,280Other respiratory organs7,3105,4901,820890570320Bones&joints3,2601,8201,4401,550890660Soft tissue(including heart)12,3906,8905,5004,9902,6702,320Skin(excluding basal&squamous)95,36057,14038,22013,5909,2504,340Melanoma of the skin87,11052,17034,9409,7306,3803,350Other nonepithelial skin8,2504,9703,2803,8602,870990Breast255,1802,470252,71041,07046040,610Genital system279,800172,330107,47059,10027,50031,600Uterine cervix12,82012,8204,2104,210Uterine corpus61,38061,38010,92010,920Ovary22,44022,44014,08014,080Vulva6,0206,0201,1501,150Vagina&other genital,female4,8104,8101,2401,240Prostate161,360161,36026,73026,730Testis8,8508,850410410Penis&other genital,male2,1202,120360360Urinary system146,650103,48043,17032,19022,2609,930Urinary bladder79,03060,49018,54016,87012,2404,630Kidney&renal pelvis63,99040,61023,38014,4009,4704,930Ureter&other urinary organs3,6302,3801,250920550370Eye&orbit3,1301,8001,330330180150Brain&other nervous system23,80013,45010,35016,7009,6207,080Endocrine system59,25015,61043,6403,0101,4401,570Thyroid56,87014,40042,4702,0109201,090Other endocrine2,3801,2101,1701,000520480Lymphoma80,50044,73035,77021,21012,0809,130Hodgkin lymphoma8,2604,6503,6101,070630440Non-Hodgkin lymphoma72,24040,08032,16020,14011,4508,690Myeloma30,28017,49012,79012,5906,6605,930Leukemia62,13036,29025,84024,50014,30010,200Acute lymphocytic leukemia5,9703,3502,6201,440800640Chronic lymphocytic leukemia20,11012,3107,8004,6602,8801,780Acute myeloid leukemia21,38011,9609,42010,5906,1104,480Chronic myeloid leukemia8,9505,2303,7201,080610470Other leukemia5,7203,4402,2806,7303,9002,830Other&unspecified primary sites33,77018,23015,54042,27023,66018,610*Rounded to the nearest 10;cases exclude basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinoma except urinary bladder.About 63,410 cases of carcinoma in situ of the female breast and 74,680 cases of melanoma in situ will be newly diagnosed in 2017.Deaths for colon and rectum cancers are combined because a large number of deaths from rectal cancer are misclassified as colon.More deaths than cases may reflect lack of specificity in recording underlying cause of death on death certificates and/or an undercount in the caseestimate.Cancer Statistics,20178CA:A Cancer Journal for CliniciansTABLE 2.Estimated New Cases for Selected Cancers by State,2017*STATEALLCASESFEMALEBREASTUTERINECERVIXCOLON&RECTUMUTERINECORPUSLEUKEMIALUNG&BRONCHUSMELANOMAOF THE SKINNON-HODGKINLYMPHOMAPROSTATEURINARYBLADDERAlabama26,1603,9602102,2107207703,8801,3209602,4101,090Alaska3,600500280120100450130140320150Arizona35,8104,8702402,6301,1101,1703,9402,0501,4102,9901,670Arkansas16,0402,1001501,3904805802,6206106601,440710California176,14027,9801,49013,8906,2806,74018,2709,1807,88014,5207,500Colorado24,3303,8401701,7708909602,4201,5901,0902,8801,120Connecticut21,9003,4201201,6008908002,5409709502,1401,220Delaware5,660840440200180850340250590270Dist.of Columbia3,0705202101109031012011038090Florida124,74018,1701,0409,9304,2305,07019,0007,6105,41012,8306,430Georgia48,8507,8204104,0401,5101,5506,6102,9301,8905,4101,880Hawaii6,5401,12050660290210700460260500240Idaho7,3101,08050610290310980550370870480Illinois64,72010,2105205,5802,7402,3508,6002,8102,7506,4103,070Indiana36,4405,1402903,0801,3701,2805,5401,7301,5603,4101,710Iowa17,2302,4001001,5107007602,4101,0208001,430870Kansas14,4002,1801101,1705405601,8808306301,320640Kentucky26,2203,5902102,2508301,0504,8301,4101,0702,0501,190Louisiana24,2203,3202302,1506307703,5109609902,620980Maine8,7501,3507103803101,380450380720570Maryland31,8205,2502202,4301,2001,0004,0201,7001,2603,4001,390Massachusetts37,1305,9402002,7601,6001,2204,8901,8901,6303,9302,050Michigan57,6008,1603704,6602,3202,0108,1902,7802,4805,3503,050Minnesota30,0004,2301402,1701,0801,2903,6201,3301,3702,7501,320Mississippi17,2902,3401401,5204105302,5705605601,380620Missouri34,4004,9302402,8601,2501,2105,6201,6901,4202,9901,610Montana6,140900500220260750400280750350Nebraska9,5201,450608403803801,220490440840450Nevada13,8402,0101101,1604004601,6805605601,190700New Hampshire8,6701,2606203502901,150470340770520New Jersey51,6807,8903604,0002,1001,9905,5402,7902,3805,1802,560New Mexico10,0401,410808003503701,010490400960390New York107,53016,3108108,4904,4204,32012,7004,9004,76010,0605,410North Carolina56,9008,5804004,2901,8101,9707,9403,0602,1805,5602,500North Dakota4,180550330140150480210170360200Ohio68,1809,4304605,5102,6702,27010,6603,1402,8605,8403,360Oklahoma18,7102,6901701,6105907603,0507908401,700860Oregon21,7803,4501401,6208707302,9001,5809702,0601,070Pennsylvania77,71011,3005206,3003,2702,8009,9304,1403,3107,3204,190Rhode Island5,870930480250190860270260780350South Carolina28,6804,2502102,2708909904,3201,7401,1203,2501,260South Dakota4,920690410180200590240210430240Tennessee37,0805,5102903,0801,0901,3005,8301,8401,4902,8301,620Texas116,20017,0601,3009,6903,8904,55014,5604,2405,25012,5504,270Utah10,9901,460707404004608509504901,240430Vermont4,000580280160110510220170380240Virginia42,7707,0202803,2601,4901,3805,4002,5001,7203,9501,870Washington35,5605,9502502,7201,3801,3904,3902,5901,7403,5801,830West Virginia11,6901,520801,0504504101,980700480840610Wisconsin32,9904,8501802,6501,3601,4604,2801,5901,3803,5701,670Wyoming2,780410220100100320190120320150United States1,688,780 252,710 12,820 135,430 61,38062,130222,50087,11072,240161,360 79,030*Rounded to the nearest 10;excludes basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except urinary bladder.Estimate is fewer than 50 cases.Note:These are model-based estimates that should be interpreted with caution.State estimates may not add to US total due to rounding and the exclusion ofstates with fewer than 50 cases.CA CANCER J CLIN 2017;67:730VOLUME 67_NUMBER 1_JANUARY/FEBRUARY 20179Results(SEER)Program since 1973 and by the Centers forDisease Control and Preventions(CDCs)National Pro-gram of Cancer Registries(NPCR)since 1995.The SEERprogram is the only source for long-term population-basedincidence data.Long-term incidence and survival trends(1975-2013)were based on data from the 9 oldest SEERareas(Connecticut,Hawaii,Iowa,New Mexico,Utah,andthe metropolitan areas of Atlanta,Detroit,San Francisco-Oakland,and Seattle-Puget Sound),representing approxi-mately 9%of the US population.5,6The lifetime probabilityof developing cancer,stage distribution,and survival by stageand for children and adolescents were based on data from all18 SEER registries(the SEER 9 registries plus AlaskaNatives,California,Georgia,Kentucky,Louisiana,and NewJersey),covering 28%of the US population.7The probabilityof developing cancer was calculated using NCIs DevCansoftware(version 6.7.4).8Some of the statistical informationpresented herein was adapted from data previously publishedin the SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2013.9NAACCR compiles and reports incidence data from1995 onward for cancer registries that participate in theSEER program and/or the NPCR.These data approach100%coverage of the US population in the most recent timeperiod and were the source for the projected new cancer casesin 2017 and incidence rates by state and race/ethnicity.10,11Some of the incidence data presented herein were previouslypublished in volumes 1 and 2 of Cancer in North America:2009-2013.12,13All cancer cases were classified according to the Interna-tional Classification of Diseases for Oncology except childhoodand adolescent cancers,which were classified according tothe International Classification of Childhood Cancer(ICCC).14,15Causes of death were classified according tothe International Classification of Diseases.16All incidenceFIGURE 1.Ten Leading Cancer Types for the Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex,United States,2017.Estimates are rounded to the nearest 10 and cases exclude basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinoma except urinary bladder.Cancer Statistics,201710CA:A Cancer Journal for CliniciansTABLE 3.Estimated Deaths for Selected Cancers by State,2017*STATEALLSITESBRAIN&OTHERNERVOUSSYSTEMFEMALEBREASTCOLON&RECTUMLEUKEMIALIVER&INTRAHEPATICBILE DUCTLUNG&BRONCHUSNON-HODGKINLYMPHOMAOVARYPANCREASPROSTATEAlabama10,5303206509404204703,200320250710450Alaska1,07070100602808050Arizona12,0503808101,0205506602,820430310930600Arkansas6,8001804206002502802,160210150430260California59,4001,8304,4405,2402,6103,75012,0002,1401,5304,5103,130Colorado7,8402705706603403801,640260240580450Connecticut6,6101904304503003001,630230170490310Delaware2,0505013015070110590705015090Dist.of Columbia1,060100909022010070Florida43,8701,2502,9103,6201,8002,02011,7901,5109703,1702,050Georgia17,2804901,3201,5406208504,7205104201,160780Hawaii2,520501402409017059010050220100Idaho2,90010019025011012068011070230170Illinois24,0406101,6802,0309901,0406,4707905701,6501,040Indiana13,5903508601,1105505204,030450300900550Iowa6,4601903805702602401,740240150440280Kansas5,4401703304702602301,500180120400230Kentucky10,4002505908303904003,560330200640340Louisiana9,2402206208303205202,610300170700370Maine3,26010017022013012096011060220140Maryland10,6502808208604105602,630340260840470Massachusetts12,6203507609105406703,270410320950550Michigan21,0505701,4101,6808308605,6507605001,560830Minnesota9,8602806107604803902,450390230710470Mississippi6,5602204206502303001,940170110460280Missouri14,3803308601,0705505804,030390250910500Montana2,0306013017080805107050140120Nebraska3,52011023033015013090012070250180Nevada5,2001503805002002301,400160120360270New Hampshire2,71080170200110907608060200120New Jersey15,8804201,2501,4206407003,7605104101,270700New Mexico3,63090250340150220760110100250200New York35,9609102,4102,8701,4601,6808,6601,2109102,7501,560North Carolina20,0206001,3601,5307609405,8306204401,350840North Dakota1,29