CancerStatisticsinChina,2015WanqingChen,PhD,MD1;RongshouZheng,MPH2;PeterD.Baade,PhD3;SiweiZhang,BMedSc4;HongmeiZeng,PhD,MD5;FreddieBray,PhD6;AhmedinJemal,DVM,PhD7;XueQinYu,PhD,MPH8,9;JieHe,MD10Withincreasingincidenceandmortality,canceristheleadingcauseofdeathinChinaandisamajorpublichealthproblem.BecauseofChina’smassivepopulation(1.37billion),previousnationalincidenceandmortalityestimateshavebeenlimitedtosmallsamplesofthepopulationusingdatafromthe1990sorbasedonaspecificyear.Withhigh-qualitydatafromanadditionalnumberofpopulation-basedregistriesnowavailablethroughtheNationalCentralCancerRegistryofChina,theauthorsana-lyzeddatafrom72local,population-basedcancerregistries(2009-2011),representing6.5%ofthepopulation,toestimatethenumberofnewcasesandcancerdeathsfor2015.Datafrom22registrieswereusedfortrendanalyses(2000-2011).Theresultsindicatedthatanestimated4292,000newcancercasesand2814,000cancerdeathswouldoccurinChinain2015,withlungcancerbeingthemostcommonincidentcancerandtheleadingcauseofcancerdeath.Stomach,esophageal,andlivercancerswerealsocommonlydiagnosedandwereidentifiedasleadingcausesofcancerdeath.Residentsofruralareashadsignificantlyhigherage-standardized(Segipopulation)incidenceandmortalityratesforallcancerscombinedthanurbanresidents(213.6per100,000vs191.5per100,000forincidence;149.0per100,000vs109.5per100,000formortality,respectively).Forallcancerscombined,theincidencerateswerestableduring2000through2011formales(10.2%peryear;P5.1),whereastheyincreasedsignificantly(12.2%peryear;P<.05)amongfemales.Incontrast,themortalityratessince2006havedecreasedsignificantlyforbothmales(21.4%peryear;P<.05)andfemales(21.1%peryear;P<.05).Manyoftheestimatedcancercasesanddeathscanbepreventedthroughreducingtheprevalenceofriskfactors,whileincreasingtheeffectivenessofclinicalcaredelivery,particularlyforthoselivinginruralareasandindisadvantagedpopulations.CACancerJClin2016;66:115-132.VC2016AmericanCancerSociety.Keywords:cancer,China,healthdisparities,incidence,mortality,survival,trendsI...
