Seeonlineversionforabbreviationsandreferences.1062Cell132,March21,2008©2008ElsevierInc.DOI10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.024SnapShot:CytokinesIVCristinaM.TatoandDanielJ.CuaSchering-PloughBiopharma(FormerlyDNAXResearch),PaloAlto,CA94304,USACytokineReceptorSourceTargetsMajorFunctionDiseaseAssociationFLT3LigandReceptortyrosinekinasesDiversetissueDCs,othermyeloidcellsDifferentiationandproliferation;synergizeswithstemcellfactor↓=impairedhematopoieticstemcellrepopulationandBcellprecursorsG-CSFGCSFRdimerMacrophages,fibroblasts,othertissuesCommittedprogenitorsDifferentiationandactivationofgranulocytes↓=neutropeniaGM-CSFGM-CSFRα,βcTcells,macrophages,fibroblasts,othersMacrophages,granulocytes,dendriticcells,andprogenitorsInflammatory;inductionofactivation;differ-entiation,growth,andsurvival↓=affectsalveolarfunctionIFNα/β/ωIFNαR1,IFNαR2Macrophages,fibroblasts,plasmacytoidDCs,othersNKcells,manyothersPromotesresistancetoviralpathogens;promotesincreasedexpressionofMHCclassI↓=impairedantiviralresponsesIFNγIFNγR1,IFNγR2Th1cells,NKcells,CD8TcellsMacrophages,NKcells,Tcells,othersPromotesactivationofAPCsandcell-mediatedimmunity;increasedMHCclassIIexpression↓=susceptibilitytointracellularpathogensLIFLIFR,gp130Macrophages,Tcells,fibroblasts,uterus,othersEmbryonicstemcells,hematopoieticcells,othersCellsurvival↓=deficienthematopoieticprogenitorcells;defectiveblastocystimplantationM-CSFReceptortyrosinekinasesMonocytes,fibroblasts,othersCommittedmyeloidprogenitorsDifferentiation;prolifera-tionandsurvival↓=monocytedeficiency;osteopetrosisMIFCD74trimer,CD44Macrophages,TcellsMacrophagesCellmigration,DTHresponse↓=susceptibilitytoGram-negativebacteriaOSMLIFRorOSM-Rβ,gp130Macrophages,fibroblasts,othersMyeloidcells,embryonicstemcells,Tcells,othersDifferentiation;inductionofimmuneresponse(early)StemCellFactorReceptortyrosinekinasesBonemarrowStemcells,mastcellsActivationandgrowth↓=impairedhematopoieticstemcellproliferationandmelanocyteproductionTGFβ1,2,3TGFβRtypeI,typeII,andtypeIII...
