Seeonlineversionforabbreviationsandreferences.900Cell132,March7,2008©2008ElsevierInc.DOI10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.023SnapShot:CytokinesIIICristinaM.TatoandDanielJ.CuaSchering-PloughBiopharma(FormerlyDNAXResearch),PaloAlto,CA94304,USACytokineReceptorSourceTargetsMajorFunctionDiseaseAssociationTNFαMurine:TNFR,p55;TNFR,p75Human:TNFR,p60;TNFR,p80Macrophages,monocytes,Tcells,othersNeutrophils,macrophages,monocytes,endothelialcellsInflammatory;promotesactivationandproductionofacute-phaseproteins↓=disregulatedfever;increasedsusceptibilitytobacterialinfection;enhancedresistancetoLPS-inducedsepticshock↑=exacerbationofarthritisandcolitisLTαMurine:TNFR,p55;TNFR,p75Human:TNFR,p60;TNFR,p80Tcells,BcellsManycelltypesPromotesactivationandcytotoxicity;developmentoflymphnodesandPeyer’spatches↓=defectiveresponsetobacterialpathogens;absenceofperipherallymphnodesandPeyer’spatchesLTβLTβRTcells,BcellsMyeloidcells,othercelltypesPeripherallymphnodedevelopment;proinflammatory↓=increasedsusceptibilitytobacterialinfection;absenceoflymphnodesandPeyer’spatches↑=ectopiclymphnodeformationLIGHTaLTβR,DcR3,HVEMActivatedTcells,monocytes,DCsBcells,NKcells,DCs,othertissueCostimulatory;promotesCTLactivity↓=defectiveCD8TcellcostimulationTWEAKFn14Monocytes,macrophages,endothelialTissueprogenitors,epithelial,endothelialProinflammatory;promotescellgrowthfortissuerepairandremodelingAPRILTACI,BAFF-R,BCMAMacrophages,DCsBcellsubsetsPromotesTcell-independentresponses;Bcellhomeostasisanddifferentiation↓=impairedclassswitchingtoIgABAFF(BlyS)TACI,BAFF-R,BCMAMacrophages,DCs,astrocytesBcellsBcellmaturationandsurvival↓=Bcelllymphopenia;defectivehumoralimmunity↑=SLE-likesyndromeTL1ADcR3,DR3Macrophages,endothelialcellsActivatedTcellsPromotesproliferationandcytokineproductionGITRLaGITRDCs,macrophages,Bcells,othersTregulatorycells,activatedTcellsCostimulatoryOX40LaOX40ActivatedTcells,Bcells,DCs,monocytesTcells,Bcells,DCsCostimulatory;activationandmigrationofmonocytes↓=impairedhumoralresponsesCD40La(CD154...
