AffordabilityReportwww.a4ai.orgAglobalcoalitionworkingtomakebroadbandaffordableforall2019Researchandanalysisforthe2019AffordabilityReportwasledbyTeddyWoodhouseandsupervisedbyDhanarajThakur.ThereportwaswrittenbyTeddyWoodhouseandCalumCameron.SoniaJorgeandDhanarajThakurprovidedvaluableadviceandcontributions.NathaliaFoditschandCarolinaRossiniprovidedextensiveanalysisandsupportforthesectiononwholesaleopenaccessnetworks.DavidTownsendcontributedresearchandwritingforthesectiononpublicaccess,includingtheexamplesfromacrossSoutheastAsiaandthehistoryofpublicaccess.TheAffordabilityDriversIndexresearchwascarriedoutbySiakaLougue(AfricanInstituteforMathematicalSciences).NicolaBidwell,LeahJunck,TemitopeOgundipe,andPrimusTazanueachwroteimpactstories,groundingthepolicyissuesinthisyear’sreportintohumanimpact:wethankthemfortheircontribution.WealsothanktheA4AImemberorganisationsfortheirinputsandsuggestionstoanearlydraft.Anyerrorsinthisreportremaintheauthors’alone.Finally,wearegratefulforthesupportofA4AI’sglobalsponsors—SidaandGoogle—andthatoftheAlliance’sentiremembership.Suggestedcitation:AllianceforAffordableInternet(2019).The2019AffordabilityReport.WashingtonDC:WebFoundation.ThisreportismadeavailableunderaCreativeCommons4.0Internationallicence.Formediaorotherinquiries:press@webfoundation.org.AcknowledgmentsWelcome4ExecutiveSummary5Thestateofinternetaffordability7AffordabilityDriversIndex20198Howbroadbandmarketsaffectaffordability10Understandingbroadbandanditsmarkets12Marketcompetitionsupportsaffordableaccess13Howgovernmentsshapebroadbandmarkets15Governmentsdefinethemarketenvironment16Regulatorystrategiesforsupportingcompetition17Investinginmultiplepartsoftheinternet18Buildingwholesaleopenaccessnetworks20forcompetitivemarketsOpenaccessstrategies21Mexico’sRedCompartida22Rwanda’s4Gnetwork23Assessingwholesaleopenaccessnetworks24Theroleofpublicaccessinbroadbandmarkets25Historyofpublicinternetaccess26Economicandmarketimpacts26Socialbenefitsofpublicaccess29Publicaccessinthemarket30...
