唐宋墓葬壁画中的歌舞戏指挥“竹竿子”考张利亚(西安石油大学人文学院,西安710065)【内容提要】“竹竿子”是唐宋时期乐舞队的指挥,对中国古代舞蹈史的发展有重要的意义和价值。文章结合新近出土文献,提出在唐代甚至隋代可能已出现乐舞队的指挥“竹竿子”;其传自西域龟兹地区,是东西方艺术交流的见证;唐代参军戏中的参军和苍鹘的插科打诨,极有可能是龟兹歌舞队传至中原为歌舞戏的演变;宋代“竹竿子”也被称为“参军色”,随着宫廷乐舞传至民间社会。“竹竿子”作为歌舞队的导引指挥,不仅负责勾念致语口号,也参与杂剧演出,对中国歌舞剧的定型和成熟产生了重要的影响。【关键词】“竹竿子”;参军戏;参军色;致语;口号【中图分类号】J709【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1008-2018(2022)06-0037-07SongandDanceConductorwitha“BambooPole”onTombMuralsofTangandSongDynastiesZHANGLi-ya(SchoolofHumanities,Xi’anShiyouUniversity,Xi’an710065,China)Abstract:DuringtheTangandSongdynasties,theconductorwitha“bamboopole”appearedinthesong-dancedrama,whichisofgreatsignificancetothedevelopmentofChineseancientdancehistory.Inrecentyears,alargenumberofuneartheddocumentshavepromotedthestudyofthisissue.Basedonthenewrelics,thispaperpointsoutthattheremayhavebeenaconductorinthesong-danceteamintheTangdynastyorevenearlierSuidynasty.ItoriginatedfromQiuciinthewesternregionsofChinaandwasawitnesstotheartisticexchangesbetweentheEastandtheWest.Thecomicrolesof“Canjun”and“Canghu”whogaggedintheburlesquewereprobablyanevolutionofthesong-danceteamfromQiucitoCentralChina.IntheSongdynasty,theconductorwasalsoknownasthe“Canjun”actor.Afterwards,thecourtmusicspreadtofolkpeople,theconductorwasnotonlytheguidingconductorofthesong-danceteam,responsibleforrecitingslogans,butalsoparticipatedintheperformanceofZaju,whohashadanimportantinfluenceonthestereotypeandmaturityofChinesesonganddancedrama.Keywords:theconductorwithabamboopole;Canjun;Canjunactor;speech;slogan【收稿日期】2022-07-26【作者简介】张利亚(1972—),女,博士,西安石油大学人文学院副教授,主要研究领域:敦煌学、西北出土文献。【基金项目】本文为陕西省社会科学古籍项目“陕西出土胡人墓...