Congenitalheartmalformation:Prevalence,severity,survival,andqualityoflife先天性心脏病流行病学第一页，共十七页。Thelowestvalues/1000livebirthsAuthor‰RegionFyler2.10NewEngland,USAGardiner2.17Toronto,CanadaAkman3.20Bogalusa,USAMacMahon3.20Birmingham,UKMckeown4.20Birmingham,UKBosi4.60ItalyBierman4.70HawaiiPrevalenceofcongenitalheartmalformationatbirth第二页，共十七页。thehighestvalues/1000birthsauthor‰RegionFischer8.20Tyrol,AustriaKerrebijn8.26Leiden,NetherlandGrech8.80MaltaHoffmann8.82SanFrancisco,USAMeberg9.02NorwayNakazawa10.00JapanManetti12.30Florence,ItalyYerushalmi11.70California,USAPrevalenceofcongenitalheartmalformationatbirth第三页，共十七页。Theoldestsurveys/1000livebirthsAuthorDatePrevalence(‰)Macmahon1940—493.23Carlgren1941–506.35Harris1944—505.90Pleydell1944—573.20Landtman1945–638.00Richards1946—535.50Gardiner1948—492.17Mustachi1949—515.88Prevalenceofcongenitalheartmalformationatbirth第四页，共十七页。Recentdata/1000livebirthsAuthorDatePrevalence(‰)Grech1990-948.80Robida1984-9412.23Bosi1992-934.60Anderson1987-9010.20Cerboni1988-906.08Ferencz1981-894.23Pexieder1986-876.04Meberg1982-889.02Prevalenceofcongenitalheartmalformationatbirth第五页，共十七页。PrevalenceofcongenitalheartmalformationatbirthRegionaldifferences/1000livebirthsRegionMeanRangedifferenceplaceEurope6.673.20Birmingham,UK12.30Florence,ItalyUSA5.763.20Bogalusa8.56SanFranciscoCanada3.972.17Toronto5.54AlbertaOthercountries8.976.08Guadeloupe第六页，共十七页。YearlyfluctuationinBohemiandatafrom1980through1989YearNo.ofmalformationPrevalence/100019806467.0419815476.3919825686.7719835486.7319845666.9719854956.1619864365.5319874555.8219884025.1119893674.80Prevalenceofcongenitalheartmalformationatbirth第七页，共十七页。TheprevalencewashighestinOctober,andlowestinDecember,JuneandJuly.Thepeakoftheprevalencecoincidedwiththeepidemicsofinfluenzainearlypregnancy8and9monthspreviously.Therewasadefiniteseasonalvariation第八页，共十七页。RatioofboystogirlsBoystogirlswithCHD:51.9%to48.1%higherproport...
