Case1:A11yearoldgirlisbroughttohospital.Shehaslostalmost4kgoverthepastmonthandahalfdespitebeinghungryandovereating.Shealsowasexcessivelythirstyandhasavoluminousurineoutput(polyuria).Physicalexamination:Sheisathinlittlegirl.BP:85/50;pulse:105.Laboratorytests:bloodglucose:40mmol/L(Normal:3.9-6.1mmol/L).Urine:5%glucose.Shehadlittle-cellfunctioninpancreas.Diagnosis:IDDM.Astreatment,insulinwasadministeredtothegirl.Withinsulininjections,thepatienthasbeenapparentlycontrolled.第一页，共二百一十七页。Case2:A53-year-oldmanhadbeeningoodhealthuntilabouttwomonthsagowhenhestartedtofeelweakandtiredmorerapidlythanusual.Onquestioning,headmittedtogettinguptwoorthreetimesanighttourinate.Healsoisoftenthirstyatthosetimesanddrinksaglassofwatereachtime.Hehadgraduallygainedweightovertheyears.Hisappetiteremainedexcellentbuthenowwaslosingweightandbecomingweak.Thepaininhisfeetwasworseatnightandsometimeskepthimawake.Itwasburningincharacterandsometimeshistoesfeltnumb.Hisvisionwasblurryattimes,especiallyintheafternoon.第二页，共二百一十七页。Physicalexamination:obese,pulse76,regular,BP142/78.Feet:skindrywithcallusesonthemedialsideofthebigtoes,Nailsnormal.randombloodglucose:25.3mmol/l,glycohemoglobin(HbA1c)16.4%,urinalysis:4+glucose.Diagnosis:NIDDM.ThedoctorprescribedAmaryl(glimepiride,stimulatetheisletcellsinthepancreastoproducemoreinsulin),4mg.aday.Otherclassesoforaldiabetesagentsare:(increasescellularsensitivitytoinsulinanddecreasesthereleaseofglucosebytheliver).第三页，共二百一十七页。Dysfunctionofcellularsignaltransductionindisease细胞信号传导异常(yìcháng)与疾病华中科技大学同济(tónɡjì)医学院病理生理系第四页，共二百一十七页。指细胞(xìbāo)通过胞膜或胞内受体感受信息分子的刺激，经细胞(xìbāo)内信号转导系统转换,从而影响细胞(xìbāo)生物学功能的过程第五页，共二百一十七页。紧密连接细胞(xìbāo):间隙连接:电兴奋传递膜结合信号分子:粘附分子有距离的细胞(xìbāo):内分泌旁分泌自分泌突触信号传递(50nm)第六页，共二百一十七页。物理刺激信号化学信号(配体)体液因子,气体分子,药物(yàowù),细胞代...
