眼底病、眼与全身病北京大学人民医院眼科梁建宏TheretinaThetermretinaderivesfromtheLatinwordrete,meaning"net.“Twofunctions:totransduceinformationfromanopticalimageintoelectricalsignalstoprocesscertainfeaturesofthevisualworldfromthephotoreceptorsignalsandrelaythisinformationtothebrainviatheopticnerve视网膜的组织学结构及功能神经上皮色素上皮---vitaminAmetabolismandregeneration---phagocytosisanddegradationofshedoutersegmenttips---lightabsorption---secretionofthematrixsurroundingthephotoreceptorinnerandoutersegments,---activetransportofmaterials视网膜的血液供应系统视网膜有独特的双重血液供应系统：脉络膜血管---供应外层视网膜视网膜血管---供应内层视网膜血-视网膜屏障(Blood-retinalbarrier)InnerbarrierOuterbarrier正常眼底图视网膜的病理视网膜异常血管视网膜出血视网膜水肿视网膜渗出视网膜神经上皮与色素上皮分离视网膜新生物（肿瘤)视网膜先天发育异常思考题视网膜的组织结构，功能及血循环特点。临床常见的视网膜病理改变。视网膜血管病RetinalVascularDiseases视网膜静脉阻塞视网膜动脉阻塞视网膜血管瘤视网膜静脉阻塞Retinalveinocclusion,RVO病因：多因素致病。Thepreciseetiologyofretinalveinocclusionisnotentirelyclear.a）血管壁的改变b）血液流变性改变c）血流动力学改变d）其他RiskFactorsforRetinalVeinOcclusionIncreasedRiskSystemichypertensionDiabetesmellitusIncreasederythrocytesedimentationrate(womenonly)HistoryofglaucomaDecreasedRiskIncreasinglevelsofphysicalactivityExogenousestrogens(womenonly)Increasinglevelsofalcoholconsumption(DatafromTheEyeDiseaseCase-ControlStudyGroup:Riskfactorsforcentralretinalveinocclusion.）视网膜静脉阻塞Retinalveinocclusion,RVO分类：视网膜中央静脉阻塞centralretinalveinocclusion视网膜半侧静脉阻塞hemicentralretinalveinocclusion视网膜分支静脉阻塞branchretinalveinocclusion分型：完全阻塞---缺血型ischemictype不完全阻塞---非缺血型nonischemictype视网膜中央静脉阻塞centralretinalveinocclusionAphysicalblockageatthelevelofthelaminacribrosa视网膜半侧静脉阻塞hemicentralretinalveinocclusion视网膜分支静脉阻塞branchretinalveinocclusion临床表现视力：无痛性下降眼底：视网膜出血视网膜水肿，黄斑...
