—158—2023年第5期黑龙江水利科技No.5.2023（第51卷）HeilongjiangHydraulicScienceandTechnology（TotalNo.51）基于层次分析法（AHP）的暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估苑梓晗，刘莹(黑龙江大学水利电力学院，哈尔滨150080）摘要：近几年，伴随着全球气候变化以及城镇化进程加快，中国极端天气频发，“人水争地”现象日益加剧，流域以及城市内涝问题愈发严重，暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估日益引起了人们的重视。文章以松花江干流哈尔滨段作为研究对象，从现代自然灾害风险理论概念出发，将暴雨洪涝灾害风险从危险性、暴露性、脆弱性三方面进行研究，选取了降水、高程、坡度、植被、人口密度、土地利用、医院距离、应急距离8个评价指标，结合层次分析法（AHP）计算出各个指标的权重。并将因子指标集成成洪涝灾害风险评价指数FRDI，对哈尔滨市松花江干流流域的暴雨洪涝灾害风险进行了可量化的评估，基于此绘制出松花江干流哈尔滨段的洪涝灾害风险区划图，为松花江干流流域防洪减灾提供参考。关键词：松花江干流；洪涝灾害；风险评估；层次分析法（AHP）；FRDI中图分类号：P426.616文献标识码：BRiskAssessmentofRainstormandFloodDisasterbasedonAHPYuanZihan;andLiuYing(WaterConservancyandHydropowerInstituteofHeilongjiangUniversity,Harbin150080,China)Abstract:Inrecentyears,withtheaccelerationofglobalclimatechangeandurbanization,extremeweatheroccursfrequentlyinChina.Thephenomenonof"competitionbetweenpeopleandwaterforland"isincreasinglyaggravated,andthewaterloggingprobleminriverbasinsandcitiesisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Inthispaper,HarbinsectionofthemainstreamofSonghuaRiveristakenastheresearchobject,startingfromthetheoreticalconceptofmodernnaturaldisasterrisk,theriskofrainstormandfloodisstudiedfromthreeaspects:risk,exposureandvulnerability,andeightevaluationindicatorsareselected:precipitation,elevation,slope,vegetation,populationdensity,landuse,hospitaldistanceandemergencydistance.TheweightofeachindicatorwascalculatedbycombiningtheanalyticHierarchyprocess(AHP).ThefactorindexesareintegratedintotheflooddisasterriskassessmentindexFRDI,andtheriskofrainstormandflooddisasterinthemainstreamofSonghuaRiverinHarbinisquantitativelyevaluated.Basedonthis,theflooddisasterriskzonemap...
