I摘要本论文详细介绍了基于单片机的智能小型车的设计目的、硬件电路设计、软件设计和系统软件。整个小车的控制核心我选择的是单片机，主要包括单片机控制模块、遥控模块、避障模块、循迹模块、速度显示模块等模块。智能小车要实现自动避障功能、循迹行驶、显示实时速度和遥控功能。基于上述要求，传感检测部分考虑到小车一般不用感知清晰的图像，只要求大概感知即可，所以可以抛弃价格昂贵的超声波测距而考虑采用物美价廉的红外反射式传感器来充当，本文采用的是TCRT5000红外探头。智能小车的执行部分是用直流电机来实现的，本设计用到了2个直流电机，用了L298N和L293D来驱动，主要控制小车的前进方向和速度。单片机我选择STC89C52单片机，此单片机能满足本设计的要求，电路设计也比较简单，价格便宜，电源模块采用2块3.7V的锂电池，需要稳压电路来输出稳定的5V电压，显示模块采用液晶LCD1602即可满足需求，红外接收采用1838红外接收头，红外遥控采用HT6221编码芯片，经过数次调试，虽然功能实现有些瑕疵，但是在大体上本设计还是基本实现了所要求的功能。关键词：LCD1602；直流电机；STC89C52RCIIAbstractThispaperintroducesthedesignpurpose,hardwarecircuitdesign,softwaredesignandsystemsoftwareofasmartsmallvehiclebasedonsingle-chipmicrocomputer.ThecontrolcoreoftheentirecarIchoseisasingle-chipmicrocomputer,whichmainlyincludesasinglechipmicrocomputercontrolmodule,aremotecontrolmodule,anobstacleavoidancemodule,atrackingmodule,andaspeeddisplaymodule.Smartcarsneedtoachieveautomaticobstacleavoidance,tracking,displayreal-timespeedandremotecontrolfunctions.Basedontheaboverequirements,thesensordetectionparttakesintoaccountthatthecargenerallydoesnotneedtoperceiveaclearimage,andonlyrequiresperception,soitispossibletoabandontheexpensiveultrasonicrangingandconsideradoptinganinexpensiveinfraredreflectivesensortoact.TheTCRT5000infraredprobe.TheimplementationpartofthesmartcarisrealizedbyaDCmotor.ThisdesignusestwoDCmotors,whicharedrivenbyL298NandL293D,andmainlycontroltheforwarddirectionandspeedofthecar.MCUIchooseSTC89C52MCU,thisMCUcanmeetthedesignrequirements,circuitdesignisrelativelysimple,cheap,powermoduleusestwo3.7Vlithiumbattery,theneedforvoltageregulatorcircui...
