2022年医学专题—儿童贫血(全英文)(1).pptVIP免费

Anemiainchildhood(小儿(xiǎoér)贫血)第一页，共九十四页。Tounderstandfeaturesofhematopoiesisandbloodinchildren.Tocomprehendclinicalfeatures,diagnosisandtherapyofanemia.Tounderstandthedefinition,gradedivisionandclassificationofanemiainchildren.Tomasteretiology,pathogeny,diagnosis,therapyandpreventionofnutritionalirondeficiencyanemiaandnutritionalmegaloblasticanemia.第二页，共九十四页。hematopoieticsysteminfantileanemia（1）nutritionalirondeficiencyanemia(IDA)（2）nutritionalmegaloblasticanemiaPrimary/immunitythrombocytopeniaPurpura(ITP)Leukemia第三页，共九十四页。haematogenesisofchildrenhematopoiesis--producedbloodextramedullarybeforebirthandpostnatalmesoblasthepaticmedullary3-15w6w-6ms3ms第四页，共九十四页。Mesoblastichaematogenesis：3wsbegin，8wsweaken,12-15wsdisappears。liver：8wsbegin，6monthsgraduallyweaken,erythroblast、granularcellandmegakaryocyte.第五页，共九十四页。Embryostage3、spleen：12wsbeginerythrocyte,granule,lymphocyte4、Haematogenesisoflymphaticorgan1.thoracicgland:8ws2.lymphaticnodes:11ws第六页，共九十四页。Embryostage5、myelo-haematopoiesis：6monsHaematogenesisfunctionemphasis，makevariouskindsofbloodcells，uniquehematogenicorganafterbirth.第七页，共九十四页。第八页，共九十四页。Haematopoiesispostnatal1、marrow：2、extramedullary：whenrequirementofhaemopoiesisincrease，liver、spleen、lymphadenectasis，hepatomegalyandsplenomegaly,incirculatingbloodimmatureerythrocytesandgranulocytes.第九页，共九十四页。PhysiologicalhaemolysisNormalnewbornshavehigherhemoglobin(HB)andhematocritlevelsandashortenedsurvivalperiodofthefetalRBCscontributestothedevelopmentofphysiologicanemia.第十页，共九十四页。Physiologicalhaemolysiserythropoiesisabruptlyceaseswithonsetofrespirationatbirth,whenthearterialoxygensaturationrisestoward95%.levelsoferythropoietin(EPO)arelow.EPOhasadecreasedhalf-lifeandanincreasedvolumeofdistributioninnewborns.AshortenedsurvivalofthefetalRBCalsocontributestothedevelopmentofphysiologicanemia.thesizableexpansionofbl...