2022年医学专题—Stem-cells：干细胞(1).pptVIP免费

EnzymesAllchemicalreactionsconvertreactantstoproducts.Ex.2HCl+MgMgCl2+H2Enzymesareaclassofprotein.Thejobofanenzymeistocatalyzeareaction(helpitgetstarted).第一页，共十六页。第二页，共十六页。第三页，共十六页。第四页，共十六页。第五页，共十六页。第六页，共十六页。EnzymeslowertheamountofenergyneededtogettheEnzymeslowertheamountofenergyneededtogetthereactiongoing–reactiongoing–activationenergy.activationenergy.第七页，共十六页。ExamplesDNApolymerase–makesDNARennin–curdlesmilkproteinLipase–breaksdownfatsProtease–breaksdownproteinsUsuallyendwith“-ase”第八页，共十六页。Howdoenzymeswork?ThematerialthatanenzymeworksoniscalledaThematerialthatanenzymeworksoniscalledasubstrate.substrate.EnzymesworklikeaEnzymesworklikealockandkeylockandkey–musthaverightenzymefor–musthaverightenzymeforeachsubstrate.eachsubstrate.第九页，共十六页。Howdoenzymeswork?TheTheactivesiteactivesiteontheenzymeiswhatbindstothesubstrate.ontheenzymeiswhatbindstothesubstrate.Whyenzymes?SpecificnessandReusingenzymesSpecificnessandReusingenzymes第十页，共十六页。EnzymeShapeTheshapeofeachproteinisdeterminedbythesequenceofaminoacidsusedtomakethatprotein.Justasforproteins,shapeisextremelyimportant.Ifproteins/enzymesdon’thavethecorrecttemperature,pH,orsaltconcentration,theywilllosetheirshapeordenatureandnotbeabletofunction.Denaturing第十一页，共十六页。第十二页，共十六页。第十三页，共十六页。Tutorialactivity第十四页，共十六页。CompetitiveInhibitionInaprocesscalledInaprocesscalledcompetitivecompetitiveinhibitioninhibition,molecules,moleculesthatfittheactivesitecanpreventtheenzymefromthatfittheactivesitecanpreventtheenzymefromworking.working.第十五页，共十六页。内容(nèiróng)总结Enzymes。Usuallyendwith“-ase”。http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html。CompetitiveInhibition第十六页，共十六页。