IntroductiontoPhilosophySENIORCONTRIBUTINGAUTHORNATHANSMITH,HOUSTONCOMMUNITYCOLLEGEOpenStaxRiceUniversity6100MainStreetMS-375Houston,Texas77005TolearnmoreaboutOpenStax,visithttps://openstax.org.Individualprintcopiesandbulkorderscanbepurchasedthroughourwebsite.©2022RiceUniversity.TextbookcontentproducedbyOpenStaxislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense(CCBY4.0).Underthislicense,anyuserofthistextbookorthetextbookcontentshereinmustprovideproperattributionasfollows:-Ifyouredistributethistextbookinadigitalformat(includingbutnotlimitedtoPDFandHTML),thenyoumustretainoneverypagethefollowingattribution:“Accessforfreeatopenstax.org.”-Ifyouredistributethistextbookinaprintformat,thenyoumustincludeoneveryphysicalpagethefollowingattribution:“Accessforfreeatopenstax.org.”-Ifyouredistributepartofthistextbook,thenyoumustretainineverydigitalformatpageview(includingbutnotlimitedtoPDFandHTML)andoneveryphysicalprintedpagethefollowingattribution:“Accessforfreeatopenstax.org.”-Ifyouusethistextbookasabibliographicreference,pleaseincludehttps://openstax.org/details/books/introduction-philosophyinyourcitation.Forquestionsregardingthislicensing,pleasecontactsupport@openstax.org.TrademarksTheOpenStaxname,OpenStaxlogo,OpenStaxbookcovers,OpenStaxCNXname,OpenStaxCNXlogo,OpenStaxTutorname,OpenstaxTutorlogo,Connexionsname,Connexionslogo,RiceUniversityname,andRiceUniversitylogoarenotsubjecttothelicenseandmaynotbereproducedwithoutthepriorandexpresswrittenconsentofRiceUniversity.HARDCOVERBOOKISBN-13978-1-711470-79-5B&WPAPERBACKBOOKISBN-13978-1-711470-78-8DIGITALVERSIONISBN-13978-1-951693-59-6ORIGINALPUBLICATIONYEAR202212345678910RS22OPENSTAXOpenStaxprovidesfree,peer-reviewed,openlylicensedtextbooksforintroductorycollegeandAdvancedPlacement®coursesandlow-cost,personalizedcoursewarethathelpsstudentslearn.AnonprofitedtechinitiativebasedatRiceUniversity,we’recommittedtohelpingstudentsaccessthetoolstheyneedtocompletetheircoursesandmeettheireducationalgoals.RICEUNIVERSIT...