PrinciplesofEconomics3eSENIORCONTRIBUTINGAUTHORSDAVIDSHAPIRO,PENNSYLVANIASTATEUNIVERSITYDANIELMACDONALD,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITY,SANBERNADINOSTEVENA.GREENLAW,UNIVERSITYOFMARYWASHINGTONOpenStaxRiceUniversity6100MainStreetMS-375Houston,Texas77005TolearnmoreaboutOpenStax,visithttps://openstax.org.Individualprintcopiesandbulkorderscanbepurchasedthroughourwebsite.©2022RiceUniversity.TextbookcontentproducedbyOpenStaxislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense(CCBY4.0).Underthislicense,anyuserofthistextbookorthetextbookcontentshereinmustprovideproperattributionasfollows:-Ifyouredistributethistextbookinadigitalformat(includingbutnotlimitedtoPDFandHTML),thenyoumustretainoneverypagethefollowingattribution:“Accessforfreeatopenstax.org.”-Ifyouredistributethistextbookinaprintformat,thenyoumustincludeoneveryphysicalpagethefollowingattribution:“Accessforfreeatopenstax.org.”-Ifyouredistributepartofthistextbook,thenyoumustretainineverydigitalformatpageview(includingbutnotlimitedtoPDFandHTML)andoneveryphysicalprintedpagethefollowingattribution:“Accessforfreeatopenstax.org.”-Ifyouusethistextbookasabibliographicreference,pleaseincludehttps://openstax.org/details/books/principles-economics-3einyourcitation.Forquestionsregardingthislicensing,pleasecontactsupport@openstax.org.TrademarksTheOpenStaxname,OpenStaxlogo,OpenStaxbookcovers,OpenStaxCNXname,OpenStaxCNXlogo,OpenStaxTutorname,OpenstaxTutorlogo,Connexionsname,Connexionslogo,RiceUniversityname,andRiceUniversitylogoarenotsubjecttothelicenseandmaynotbereproducedwithoutthepriorandexpresswrittenconsentofRiceUniversity.Originalversionbasedonthe2ndeditionofPrinciplesofEconomics,EconomicsandtheEconomy,2ebyTimothyTaylor,publishedin2011.PortionsoftheDemandandSupplychapterwerederivedfrom"WhyItMatters:GovernmentinActionbySteveGreenlawandLumenLearning."Locatedat:https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymakermacroxmasterfall2016/chapter/why-it-matters-government-action/.License:CCBY4.0.HARDCOVERBOOKISBN-13978-1-711471-...