例题:如图1所示的简单电力网中,已知变压器的参数为SN=31.5MVA,0SS031kW,190kW,%=10.5,%=0.7PPUI;线路单位长度的参数为61110.21/km,0.416/km,2.7410S/kmrxb。如图所示的简单电力网中,当线路首端电压UA=120kV时,试求:(1)线路和变压器的电压损耗;(2)变压器运行在额定变比时的低压侧电压及电压偏移。说明:以上计算忽略电压降落的横分量。图1解:如题画等值电路图如下:线路参数为:0.21408.40.4164016.64llllRrlXxl变压器参数为317.210)105.31(110190103232322NNSTSUPR33.4010105.311001105.1010100%33232NNSTSUUX(1)变压器的功率损耗和励磁功率为222TS02N2515()19031193.760.1937631.5SPPPkWMWS222S0NTN%%10.5(2515)0.731.53.0538var10010010031.5100USISQMS1点处线路的充电功率var66308.01104074.22121222MlUbQNlB计算LS2为:MVAjjQQQjPPSBTLDTLDL39.1719.25)66308.00538.315(19376.025)(22线路阻抗中的功率损耗为:MWRUQPPlLLl65044.0104021.011017390251901032223222222var2885.11040416.011017390251901032223222222MXUQPQlLLl计算功率1S为MVAjjQQjPPSlLlI68.1884.25)2885.139.17(65044.019.25)(221线路电压损耗(忽略电压降落的横分量)1125.848.418.6816.644.40120=lllAPRQXUkVU1点电压为:11204.40115.60-AlUUUkV计算功率TS2为MVAjjQQjPPSTLDTLDT833.17163.25)833.215(163.025)(2变压器电压损耗22125.1632.3217.83340.336.73115.60=TTTTTPRQXUkVU(2)变压器低压侧折算到高压侧的电压为21115.606.73108.87=-TUUUkV变压器低压侧的实际电压22108.8710.8910=UUkVk电压偏移为2210.8910%100%8.9%10NNUUmU