分子诊断与治疗杂志2023年1月第15卷第1期JMolDiagnTher,January2023,Vol.15No.1•综述•病毒宏基因组在医学上的应用与未来展望梁志坤李可胜蒋析文★[摘要]新型新冠病毒的爆发,给人类安全健康带来了巨大的威胁。在过去的经验中,发现和鉴定新病毒以及确定新病毒与疾病的关系是预防、诊断和治疗新发病毒性传染病的首要任务。在过去十几年中,随着高通量测序技术的迅速发展,病毒宏基因组的理论以及技术已被证明在公共卫生,临床病原学诊断等方面发挥着重要的作用。此前,人们对病毒的认识被限制于病毒感染人体进而引起疾病,但是近些年随着人类基因组和微生物组研究表明,病毒与人体之间存在更广泛的相互作用,部分病毒对人体无害,甚至是有益的。本文主要针对近些年来对病毒宏基因组的兴起与发展,研究的策略以及在医学上的一些应用前景进行综述,并提出病毒宏基因组的一些未来展望。[关键词]高通量测序;病毒宏基因组;医学应用ApplicationandfutureprospectofviralmetagenomicsinmedicineLIANGZhikun,LIKesheng,JIANGXiwen★(ResearchCenterofMedicalandPharmaceuticalBioengineering,MinstryofHealth,NationalandRegionalJointEngineeringLaboratoryforClinicalMedicalMolecularDiagnostics,GuangdongProvinceNucleicAcidMolecularDiagnosticsEngineeringTechnologyResearchCenter,GuangdongProvincialClinicalMedicalMo⁃lecularDiagnosticsEngineeringTechnologyCenter,DAANGeneCo.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510665)[ABSTRACT]Theoutbreakofthe2019⁃NovelCoronavirus(2019⁃nCov)hasposedahugethreattohu⁃mansafetyandhealth.Inthepast,thediscoveryandidentificationofnewvirusesandtheirrelationshipwithdis⁃easehavebeentheprimarytasksintheprevention,diagnosis,andtreatmentofemergingvirulentinfectiousdis⁃eases.Inthepastdecade,withtherapiddevelopmentofhigh⁃throughputsequencingtechnology,thetheoryandtechnologyofviralmetagenomicshavebeenprovedtoplayanimportantroleinpublichealth,clinicaletiologicaldiagnosis.Previously,people'sunderstandingofviruseswaslimitedtovirusesinfectingthehumanbodyandcausingdiseases.However,inrecentyears,asresearchonthehumangenomeandmicrobiomehasshownthatthereisawiderinteractionbetweenvirusesandthehumanbody,somevirusesareharmlessto...