ASTM_C_1286_-_94.pdf

Designation:C 1286 94Standard Classification forAdvanced Ceramics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1286;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This classification covers a system by which advancedceramics may be classified.The system has been devised tocover all types of advanced ceramics in the forms of inorganicprecursors for ceramic powder production,powders,granularforms,fibers,whiskers,platelets,single crystals,consolidatedpolycrystalline ceramics,amorphous(glassy)and compositematerials,and components in block and coating forms.Thestructure of the classification system is coded to be machinereadable.1.2 The classification system has been developed through aninternational collaboration under the auspice of the VersaillesAdvanced Materials and Standards Project(VAMAS)Techni-cal WorkingArea 14,and with support from the Commission tothe European Communities,ASTM Institute of StandardsResearch,and the Japan Fine Ceramics Association.Its con-struction was based on the results of an international survey ofrequirements among manufacturing and user industries,andrecommendations provided at an international workshop heldat Ispra,Italy,in June 1990.1.3 The present range of products that is encompassed bythe term advanced ceramics or one of its synonyms isenormous in breadth,and complex in chemistry,form,process-ing route,and property attributes.Normally,there are closeinterlinks between these factors.It has therefore been impos-sible to devise a simple hierarchial scheme,such as that used inIEC 672 for electrotechnical ceramics for insulators.Thesystem developed and incorporated in this classification isnovel in many respects to encompass all foreseen requirementsand purposes,and all raw and manufactured materials andapplications.It has great flexibility and is amenable to com-puter recognition and programming.1.4 System ConstraintsIt is not the purpose of this clas-sification to specify how the system shall be used.The user isable to define the coding combination and the level of detail tosuit a particular purpose.This classification provides only aflexible framework within which this might be done.1.4.1 The classification system includes only those ceramicproducts defined and designated by ceramic manufacturers,trade associations,and professional societies as advancedceramics(see 3.1.1).On this basis,the classification systemdoes not cover:1.4.1.1 Elemental carbon,except for specific ceramic formssuch as diamond,vitreous carbon,and chemical vapor deposit(CVD)graphite;1.4.1.2 Elemental silicon,elemental germanium,and otherelemental or compound semimetallic(intermetallic)substancesother than when they form an integral component of,orprecursor for,an advanced ceramic;1.4.1.3 Traditional ceramics based on clay,including:por-celains;whitewares;sanitary wares;floor and wall tiles;1.4.1.4 Unshaped and shaped refractories and bulk glassesfor tonnage applications;and1.4.1.5 Flat or container glass.1.4.2 This classification provides a classification systemframework that allows comparison and correlation of collecteddata/information with that gathered under other classificationsystems,such as the Standard Industrial Classification(SIC)code and the international convention on the HarmonizedCommodity Description and Coding System.The SIC is thestatistical classification standard underlying all establishment-based U.S.Federal economic statistics classified by industry.The SIC code covers the entire field of economic activities anddefines industries in accordance with the composition andstructure of the economy.The Harmonized System,an inter-national system designed to standardize commodity classifica-tion for all major trading nations,in a relational way is similarto the SIC system.1.4.3 Currently,advanced ceramics are not represented as aspecific code field in either the SIC or the Harmonized System,but are included in other categories where other materialclasses dominate and in which the advanced ceramics compriseonly a small fraction of the end products of the classification.1.4.4 This standard recognizes the relationship betweenclassification systems,but does not present a detailed cross-walk between individual system fields.This relationship isillustrated by the following examples:1.4.4.1 In structural applications,advanced ceramic prod-ucts are found in motor vehicle parts and accessories(SIC3714),steam,gas,and hydraulic turbines(SIC 3511),motorsand generators(SIC 3621),aircraft engines and parts(SIC3724);1.4.4.2 In mechanical applications,advanced ceramic prod-ucts appear in cutting tools(SIC 3545),ball and roller bearings(SIC 3562),pumps and pumping equipment(SIC 3561),and1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee