ASTM_D_3278_-_21.pdf

Designation:D327821Standard Test Methods forFlash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-CupApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3278;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThese small scale flash point methods test a sample at a specific temperature,where the specimenbeing tested and the air-vapor mixture above it are close to thermal equilibrium.Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design,the condition of the apparatus used,andthe operational procedure carried out.Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standardtest method,and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by differenttest methods,or with test apparatus different from that specified.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determiningwhether a material does or does not flash at a specifiedtemperature(flash/no flash Method A)or for determining thelowest finite temperature at which a material does flash(Method B),when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus.The test methods are applicable to paints,enamels,lacquers,varnishes,solvents,and related products having a flash pointbetween 0 C and 110 C(32 F and 230 F)and viscositylower than 15 000 mm2/s(cSt)at 25 C(77 F).NOTE1Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible however theprecision has not been determined.NOTE2More viscous materials can be tested in accordance withAnnex A4.NOTE3Organic peroxides can be tested in accordance with AnnexA5,which describes the applicable safety precautions.NOTE4TheU.S.DepartmentofLabor(OSHA,HazardCommunications),the U.S.Department of Transportation(RSPA),and theU.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)have specified Test Meth-ods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination offlash point of liquids in their regulations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials,products,or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions,but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials,products,or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System Performance1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and PaintMaterials.Current edition approved June 15,2021.Published August 2021.Originallyapproved in 1973.Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D3278 20.DOI:10.1520/D3278-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.D7236 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup Tester(Ramp Method)D8174 Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination ofLiquid Wastes by Small-Scale Closed Cup TesterE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-tance Thermo