Designation:D4136−82(Reapproved2012)StandardPracticeforSamplingPhytoplanktonwithWater-SamplingBottles1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4136;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thispracticecoverstheproceduresforobtainingquan-titativesamplesofaphytoplanktoncommunitybyuseofwater-samplingbottles.1.2Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblems,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2D4137PracticeforPreservingPhytoplanktonSamples3.SummaryofPractice3.1Asamplerisloweredtoaspecifieddepthandclosedbyamessenger.Thesamplerisretrievedandthesampleisremoved.Thephytoplanktonarepreservedasdictatedbytheobjectivesofthestudy.4.SignificanceandUse4.1Theadvantagesofwater-samplingbottlesareasfol-lows:4.1.1Samplesofknownvolumecanbeobtainedfromaprecisedepth.4.1.2Aquantitativesampleisobtained.Nanno-andultra-planktonarenotlostfromthesamplingdevice.4.1.3Asamplerofalmostanydesiredvolumeorconstruc-tionmaterialcanbeobtained.4.1.4Thesamplerislight-weightandcanbeusedwithoutauxiliaryequipment.4.1.5Thereisafreeflowofwaterthroughthecylinderofthesamplerwhenitisbeinglowered.4.1.6Samplerscanbearrangedseriallytofacilitatesam-plingatseveraldepthsalmostsimultaneously.4.1.7Thesamplercanbeusedinmostdepthsofwater.4.2Thedisadvantagesofwater-samplingbottlesareasfollows:4.2.1Samplesareobtainedfromonlydiscretedepths;theycannotbeobtainedfromhorizontalorverticalstrataofwater.4.2.2Thesamplerscannotbeusedsatisfactorilyinfast-flowingwater.4.3Thereareseveralspecialconsiderationsthatshallbeobservedwhenusingwater-samplingbottles.Theyareasfollows:4.3.1Thesamplersshouldbeprotectedfromdamage,whi...
