Designation:D7243−11StandardGuideforMeasuringtheSaturatedHydraulicConductivityofPaperIndustrySludges1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD7243;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Paperindustrysludgesareindustrialby-productsde-rivedfromwastewatertreatmentoperationsatplantsassociatedwiththemanufacturingofpaper.Thesesludgestypicallyconsistofclayandorganicmatter.Theymayalsocontainlowlevelsofinorganicandorganiccontaminantsandcanberichinmicrobes.Traditionally,paperindustrysludgeshavebeendisposedinmunicipalsolidwastelandfillsorsolidwastemonofills.However,intheinterestofsustainability,applica-tionsarebeingdevelopedwheresludgescanbeusedbenefi-cially.Oneapplicationisusingsludgetoconstructhydraulicbarriers(forexample,foruseinalandfillcap).Suchapplica-tionsgenerallyrequirethatthehydraulicconductivityofthesludgebemeasured.1.2Compactedpaperindustrysludgesgenerallybehavelikesoilsandareamenabletogeotechnicaltestingmethods.However,severaloftheirattributesrequirespecialattentionduringtesting.Compactedindustrysludgesgenerallyarehighlycompressibleduetotheirorganiccomponent.Thus,theirhydraulicconductivitycanbemoresensitivetotheeffectivestressandhydraulicgradientappliedduringtestingthanmostsoils.Themicrobesinpapersludgecanalsoproducegasduringtesting,confoundingtestingmethods.1.3ThisguideisintendedtosupplementASTMD5084,TestMethodsforMeasurementofHydraulicConductivityofSaturatedPorousMaterialsUsingaFlexibleWallPermeame-ter.ThepurposeoftheguideistoprovideadditionalguidanceonissuesrelevanttotestingsludgesusingTestMethodsD5084.TheguideappliestospecimenscompactedinthelaboratoryusingproceduressuchasthosedescribedinTestMethodsD698andD1557orundisturbedspecimenscollectedfromthefieldusingproceduressuchasPracticeD1587orPracticeD7015.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsa...
