Designation:E1495/E1495M−12StandardGuideforAcousto-UltrasonicAssessmentofComposites,Laminates,andBondedJoints1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1495/E1495M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope*1.1Thisguideexplainstherationaleandbasictechnologyfortheacousto-ultrasonic(AU)method.Guidelinesaregivenfornondestructiveevaluation(NDE)offlawsandphysicalcharacteristicsthatinfluencethemechanicalpropertiesandrelativestrengthofcompositestructures(forexample,filament-woundpressurevessels),adhesivebonds(forexample,jointsbetweenmetalplates),andinterlaminarandfiber/matrixbondsinman-madecompositesandnaturalcom-posites(forexample,woodproducts).1.2ThisguidecoverstechnicaldetailsandrulesthatmustbeobservedtoensurereliableandreproduciblequantitativeAUassessmentsoflaminates,composites,andbondedstruc-tures.Theunderlyingprinciples,prototypeapparatus,instrumentation,standardization,examinationmethods,anddataanalysisforsuchassessmentsarecovered.LimitationsoftheAUmethodandguidelinesfortakingadvantageofitscapabilitiesarecited.1.3TheobjectiveofAUistoassesssubtleflawsandassociatedstrengthvariationsincompositestructuresandbondedjoints.Discontinuitiessuchaslargevoids,disbonds,orextendedlackofcontactatinterfacescanbeassessedbyotherNDEmethodssuchasconventionalultrasonics.1.4Additionalinformationmaybefoundinthepublicationscitedinthelistofreferencesattheendofthisguide.Thereferencedworksprovidebackgroundonresearch,applications,andvariousaspectsofsignalacquisition,processing,andinterpretation.1.5Units—ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnon-conformancewiththestandards.1.6Thisstandar...
