Designation:E1402−13AnAmericanNationalStandardStandardGuideforSamplingDesign1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1402;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisguidedefinestermsandintroducesbasicmethodsforprobabilitysamplingofdiscretepopulations,areas,andbulkmaterials.ItprovidesanoverviewofcommonprobabilitysamplingmethodsemployedbyusersofASTMstandards.1.2Samplingmaybedoneforthepurposeofestimation,ofcomparisonbetweenpartsofasampledpopulation,orforacceptanceoflots.Samplingisalsousedforthepurposeofauditinginformationobtainedfromcompleteenumerationofthepopulation.1.3Nosystemofunitsisspecifiedinthisstandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2D7430PracticeforMechanicalSamplingofCoalE105PracticeforProbabilitySamplingofMaterialsE122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,WithSpecifiedPrecision,theAverageforaCharacteristicofaLotorProcessE141PracticeforAcceptanceofEvidenceBasedontheResultsofProbabilitySamplingE456TerminologyRelatingtoQualityandStatistics3.Terminology3.1Definitions—Foramoreextensivelistofstatisticalterms,refertoTerminologyE456.3.1.1areasampling,n—probabilitysamplinginwhichamap,ratherthanatabulationofsamplingunits,servesasthesamplingframe.3.1.1.1Discussion—Areasamplingunitsaresegmentsoflandareaandarelistedbyaddressesontheframepriortotheiractualdelineationonthegroundsothatonlytherandomlyselectedonesneedtobeexactlyidentified.3.1.2bulksampling,n—samplingtoprepareaportionofamassofmaterialthatisrepresentativeofthewhole.3.1.3clustersampling,n—samplinginwhichthesamplingunitconsistsofagroupofsubunits,allofwhicharemeasuredforsampledclusters.3.1.4frame,n—alist,compiledforsamplingpurposes,whichdesignatesallofthesamplingunits(itemsorgro...
