Designation:E1439−12StandardGuideforConductingtheFrogEmbryoTeratogenesisAssay-Xenopus(FETAX)1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1439;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisguidecoversproceduresforobtaininglaboratorydataconcerningthedevelopmentaltoxicityofatestmaterial.ThetestutilizesembryosoftheAfricanclawedfrog,XenopuslaevisandiscalledFETAX(FrogEmbryoTeratogenesisAssay-Xenopus)(1).2Someoftheseprocedureswillbeusefulforconductingdevelopmentaltoxicitytestswithotherspeciesoffrogsalthoughnumerousmodificationsmightbenecessary.AlistofalternativeanuransispresentedinAppendixX1.1.2Arenewalexposureregimenandthecollectionoftherequiredmortality,malformation,andgrowth-inhibitiondataaredescribed.Specialneedsorcircumstancesmightrequiredifferenttypesofexposureanddataconcerningothereffects.SomeofthesemodificationsarelistedinAppendixX2althoughothermodificationsmightalsobenecessary.When-evertheseproceduresarealteredorotherspeciesused,theresultsoftestsmightnotbecomparablebetweenmodifiedandunmodifiedprocedures.Anytestthatisconductedusingmodifiedproceduresshouldbereportedashavingdeviatedfromtheguide.1.3Theseproceduresareapplicabletoallchemicalseitherindividuallyorinformulations,commercialproductsormix-turesthatcanbemeasuredaccuratelyatthenecessaryconcen-trationsinwater.Withappropriatemodificationtheseproce-durescanbeusedtoconducttestsontheeffectsoftemperature,dissolvedoxygen,pH,physicalagents,andonmaterialssuchasaqueouseffluents(seeGuideE1192),surfaceandgroundwaters,leachates,aqueousandsolidphaseextracts,andsolidphasesamples,suchassoilsandsediments,particulatematter,sediment,andwholebulksoilsandsediment.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishap...
