※生物工程食品科学2023,Vol.44,No.04171发酵方式对玉米粉品质和风味特性的影响韩翠萍,段佳玉,曹晨,李戈,杨雪,江连洲*,于殿宇*(东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030)摘要:以未经发酵的玉米粉为对照,对自然发酵、植物乳杆菌、酿酒酵母菌及复配菌种(植物乳杆菌和酿酒酵母菌)发酵制得的玉米粉品质进行分析。结果表明:相比未发酵玉米粉,发酵后玉米粉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗灰分含量显著降低(P<0.05),总淀粉含量显著上升(P<0.05);发酵使玉米粉的糊化温度显著升高(P<0.05),自然发酵和复配菌种发酵后的玉米粉衰减值和回生值显著降低(P<0.05),玉米粉的稳定性和抗老化性能提高;植物乳杆菌和复配菌种发酵对玉米粉的微观结构影响较大;酿酒酵母菌和复配菌种发酵产生的香气和代谢产物有效改善了发酵玉米粉的不良气味。通过不同发酵方式的对比得知,植物乳杆菌、酿酒酵母菌和复配菌种发酵可以将玉米粉自然发酵所需的13d分别缩短至72、18h和48h,有效提高了生产效率。经复配菌种发酵后制得品质、风味且加工性能更加优良的玉米粉。关键词:玉米粉;植物乳杆菌;酿酒酵母菌;品质;风味EffectofFermentationMethodonQualityandFlavorCharacteristicsofMaizeFlourHANCuiping,DUANJiayu,CAOChen,LIGe,YANGXue,JIANGLianzhou*,YUDianyu*(CollegeofFood,NortheastAgriculturalUniversity,Harbin150030,China)Abstract:Thequalityofnaturallyfermentedmaizeflour,unfermentedmaizeflourandmaizeflourfermentedwithLactobacillusplantarum(Lp)and/orSaccharomycescerevisiae(Sc)wasanalyzedbyusingunfermentedmaizeflourasthecontrol.Theresultsshowedthatthecontentsofcrudeprotein,crudefat,crudefiberandcrudeashinfermentedmaizeflourweresignificantlylower(P<0.05)andthecontentoftotalstarchwassignificantlyhigher(P<0.05)whencomparedwithunfermentedmaizeflour.Fermentationincreasedthepastingtemperatureofmaizefloursignificantly(P<0.05),thebreakdownandsetbackvaluesofnaturallyfermentedandLp+Scfermentedmaizeflourweresignificantlylowerthanthoseofunfermentedmaizeflour(P<0.05),andthestabilityandanti-retrogradationabilityofmaizeflourwereimproved.Moreover,fermentationwithLpandLp+Schadapronouncedeffectonthestructureofmaizeflour,whileduringfermentationwithScandLp+Sc,aromacompoundsandme...