尸体肝移植受体两种伦理审查形式之伦理问题探讨*牛世琦1邓蕊1摘要:结合尸体肝移植受体会议审查和通讯审查两种审查形式的基本流程,通过对在两种审查形式实践过程中发现的案例进行陈述、分析,发现两种形式分别存在知情同意的“缺位”、公正性的“离场”两个主要伦理问题,并尝试提出可行性建议,包括知情同意相关情况需重点汇报、邀请伦理专家直接参与知情同意过程、通讯审查变快为“慢”,以期进一步推动完善尸体肝移植伦理审查相关工作,使其能够更好地实现保障受体权益的目标。关键词:尸体肝移植受体,伦理审查,知情同意,公正性中图分类号:R-05文献标识码:A文章编号:1002-0772(2024)07-0042-05DOI:10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2024.07.09DiscussionontheEthicalIssuesofTwoFormsofEthicalReviewsofCadavericLiverTransplantationReceptorsNIUShiqi1,DENGRui1.1.CollegeofHumanitiesandSocialSciences,ShanxiMedicalUniversity,Taiyuan030001,ChinaAbstract:Bycombiningthebasicprocessesofconferencereviewandcorrespondencereviewforcadavericlivertransplantationreceptors,thispaperpresentsandanalyzescasesdiscoveredduringthepracticeofthesetworeviewforms.Itidentifiestwomainethicalissuesineachform,namelythe"absence"ofinformedconsentandthe"departure"ofimpartiality,andattemptstoprovidefeasiblesuggestions.Thesesuggestionsincludefocusingonthereportingoninformedconsent-relatedsituations,invitingethicsexpertstodirectlyparticipateintheinformedconsentprocess,andtransformingcorrespondencereviewfromfastto"slow",inordertofurtherpromoteandimprovetheworkrelatedtotheethicalreviewofcadavericlivertransplantation,enablingittobetterachievethegoalofprotectingtherightsandinterestsofreceptors.KeyWords:cadavericlivertransplantationreceptors,ethicalreview,informedconsent,impartiality近年来,终末期肝病患者数量逐年上升,肝移植是终末期肝病的最佳治疗手段[1]。与逐年增加的供肝需求形成鲜明对比的是肝源的极度匮乏。据统计,中国每年因器官衰竭等待器官移植的患者约有30万人,而每年器官移植数量仅约2万例[2]。当前我国绝大多数公民逝世后器官捐献为心脏死亡器官捐献(donationaftercardiacdeath,DCD)和脑心双死亡器官捐献(donationafterbraindeathawaitingcardiacdeath,DBCD),分别...