第53卷第2期2024年2月溶剂萃取法自铝材抛光废液中分离去除硫酸及其机理的研究陈慧，李世鑫，宾丽英，汤兵（广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院，广东广州510006）摘要：研究了利用溶剂萃取体系自铝材抛光废液中分离去除硫酸并纯化提取磷酸的工艺。系统考察三烷基胺（N235）浓度、萃取温度、相比、振荡时间等因素对萃取率的影响,并用McCabe-Thiele图解法预测理论阶段数,结果表明在相比为0/A=2的三个理论阶段后,98%以上的H,S04将被去除。设计了一系列串级实验进行三级逆流萃取模拟，得到H,SO4的萃取率为95.40%,H,P04的萃取率仅为3.33%。结果表明该体系对硫酸具有较高选择性，可实现H,PO4与H,SO4的高效分离。通过机理研究可知,萃取配合物以H,SO4·2[N235]形式存在,H,SO4通过与N235形成离子对络合物被萃取进人有机相中。关键词：溶剂萃取法；N235；铝材抛光废液；硫酸；磷酸中图分类号：TQ126.35;TQ028.32文献标识码：AStudyontheseparationandremovalofsulfuricacidfromwastealuminumpolishingsolutionbysolventextractionanditsmechanism(SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,GuangdongUniversityofTechnology,Guangzhou510006,China)Abstract:Thepresentworkinvestigatedasolventextractionsystemofremovingsulfuricacidandpurif-yingphosphoricacidfromwastealuminumpolishingsolution.Theeffectsoftrialkylamine(N235)concen-tration,extractiontemperature,phaseratioandoscillationtimeontheextractionrateweresystematicallystudied.TheMcCabe-Thielediagrammethodpredictsthatmorethan98%H,SO4couldberemovedafterthreetheoreticalstagesataphaseratioofO/A=2.Athree-stagecounterflowextractionwascarriedoutthroughaseriesofbatchcountercurrentexperiments,indicatingthat95.40%H,S04canbeextracted,withco-extractionofonly3.33%H,PO4.TheresultsshowthatthesystemhashighselectivityforH,S04andachievesefficientseparationofH,PO4andH,SO4.Accordingtothemechanismstudy,thecomposi-tionsoftheextractioncomplexwasdeterminedtobeH,SO4·2[N235],andtheN235extractionofH,SO4occurredbytheionpairassociationmechanism.Keywords:solventextraction;N235;wastealuminumpolishingsolution;sulfuricacid;phosphoricacid铝及其合金的两酸（磷酸、硫酸和添加剂)无烟化学抛光技术被广泛研究["],抛光过程产生了含有较高浓度的无机酸和金属...
