Citethis:NewCarbonMaterials,2024,39(1):17-41DOI:10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60833-4Defectengineeringofcarbon-basedelectrocatalystsfortheCO2reductionreaction:AreviewLUYan-kun,CHENGBai-xue,ZHANHao-yu,ZHOUPeng*（StateKeyLaboratoryofBio-fibersandEco-textiles,CollegeofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,CollaborativeInnovationCenterofShandongMarineBiobasedFibersandEcologicalTextiles,InstituteofMarineBiobasedMaterials,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao266071,China）Abstract：Electrocatalyticcarbondioxide(CO2)reductionisanimportantwaytoachievecarbonneutralitybyconvertingCO2in-tohigh-value-addedchemicalsusingelectricenergy.Carbon-basedmaterialsarewidelyusedinvariouselectrochemicalreactions,includingelectrocatalyticCO2reduction,duetotheirlowcostandhighactivity.Inrecentyears,defectengineeringhasattractedwideattentionbyconstructingasymmetricdefectcentersinthematerials,whichcanoptimizethephysicochemicalpropertiesofthemater-ialandimproveitselectrocatalyticactivity.Thisreviewsummarizesthetypes,methodsofformationanddefectcharacterizationtech-niquesofdefectivecarbon-basedmaterials.Theadvantagesofdefectengineeringandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofvariousdefectformationmethodsandcharacterizationtechniquesarealsoevaluated.Finally,thechallengesofusingdefectivecarbon-basedmaterialsinelectrocatalyticCO2reductionareinvestigatedandopportunitiesfortheirusearediscussed.Itisbelievedthatthisre-viewwillprovidesuggestionsandguidancefordevelopingdefectivecarbon-basedmaterialsforCO2reduction.Keywords:Defectengineering；Carbon-basedmaterials；Electrocatalysis；CO2reduction1IntroductionWiththerapiddevelopmentoftheeconomyandindustry,theexcessiveconsumptionoffossilfuelssuchascoalandpetroleumhascausedashortageofresourcesandalsoresultedintheemissionoflargeamountsofgreenhousegascarbondioxide(CO2),whichhasdestroyedthecarboncycleinnatureandin-ducedaseriesofenvironmentalproblems[1–3].Inor-dertoreducetheconcentrationofCO2intheatmo-sphere,therearetwomainstrategies:(1)CO2collec-tionandstorage;(2)CO2conversionandutilization.Ho...
