MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G5_On-Level_U4W3_18.pdf

BiographyPAIREDREADGus Garca Takes on TexasA Woman of Actionby Jane BuxtonProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaGrade:5CV_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 3CV_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 317/02/12 2:03 PM17/02/12 2:03 PMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:Underwood&Underwood/CORBIS*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.ComprehensionStrategy:SummarizeSkill:Author s Point of ViewVocabulary StrategyPrefixes and SuffixesVocabularyanticipation,defy,entitled,neutral,outspoken,reserved,sought,unequal Content StandardsSocial StudiesCivics and GovernmentWord Count:1,787*Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaGrade:5Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-118619-8MHID:0-02-118619-7Printed in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 2IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 217/02/12 2:04 PM17/02/12 2:04 PMA Woman of Actionby Jane BuxtonPAIREDREADChapter 1Early Years.2Chapter 2Addams Takes Action.6Chapter 3Changing the World.10Respond to Reading.15Gus Garca Takes on Texas.16Glossary/Index .19Focus on Social Studies .20Essential QuestionWhat can people do to bring about a positive change?bybyby J J Jananane e e BuBuBue e e er r r r 1 1 1 1Y Y Y Yea a a ar r r rsProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Library of Congress Prints&Photographs Division LC-DIG-ggbain-18848001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 1001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 117/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMEven as a young girl,Jane wanted to make a difference in the world.Chapter 1Have you ever wondered what to do with your life?Jane Addams thought about it for many years.Jane was born in 1860.She grew up as the youngest child in a wealthy family in the small town of Cedarville,Illinois.Her mother died when Jane was only two and a half years old.Jane was brought up by her father,older sisters,and later,her stepmother.Jane s father,John Addams,owned several businesses and was a state senator from 1854 to 1870.He was also a philanthropist,a person who does charitable things for others.2Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50W.B.White,Freeport,Ill.;Jane Addams Papers Project001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 2001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 217/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMJane adored her father.She wanted to be just like him.Under his influence,she grew up to be tolerant and kindhearted,and she inherited his love of books and learning.Her kindheartedness meant that Jane soon began to notice that people often had unequal lives.She could not understand why some people lived in big homes in one neighborhood,while other people lived in little houses in another.Jane decided that one day,she would live in a big house surrounded by smaller houses.Jane wanted to become a doctor.She thought this would be a positive way to help the poor,but Jane s father wanted her to get married and have a family.This was what most young women did at the time.Jane wasn t interested in marriage,but she didn t want to defy her father s wishes either.Janes father,John Addams,was a successful landowner,miller,and banker.3Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Jane Addams Papers Project001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 3001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 317/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMAddams had a good education.She studied at Rockford Female Seminary from 1877 to 1881,where she developed useful reading,writing,and public-speaking skills.She was class president for four years and editor of the school magazine.Then,when Addams was 21 years old,her father died.Addams was devastated.She enrolled at the Women s Medical College in Philadelphia,but she could not concentrate on her studies because she was depressed by her father s death.Also,a childhood illness had left Addams with a curve in her spine,which made it painful for her to study for long hours.Then she became ill.Her illness meant that she had to give up college and her dream of becoming a doctor.Addams(back row)made some good friends at Rockford Female Seminary.4Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Jane Addams Papers Project001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 4001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 417/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMFrom 1883 to 1885,Addams traveled overseas.She went to London and saw terrible poverty there.She wished she could find a way to help,but what could she do?In 1887,Addams returned to England and visited a settlement house called Toynbee Hall in a poor part of London.Toynbee Hall was an experiment by a group of well-educated young men whose goal was to improve the lives of poor people.It was called a settlement house because young men settled there to live.While they lived among the local people,they offered classes in singing,reading,and drawing.Addams was excited because now,at last,she had a plan.She would establish a settlement house back home.Extreme PovertyAddams visited a market in London.It was the end of the week,and the market was closing.Cartloads of old,leftover meat,fruit,and vegetables were being sold cheaply.The food was already rotten,but thin,sickly pale people dressed in rags were desperately reaching for it.Jane never forgot what she saw.She wrote later of seeing“hands,empty,pathetic,nerveless and workworn clutching forward for food which was already unfit to eat.”5Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 5001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 517/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMAddams returned to Illinois,and with her friend Ellen Starr,began to search for a house to rent.They found an old,dilapidated mansion in the middle of a poor area of Chicago.Addams s childhood decision to live in a big house surrounded by smaller ones was finally taking shape.The two friends decided to model their Hull House on Toynbee Hall.Wealthy,educated Americans were often shocked when they heard or read about the extreme economic gap between rich and poor people.Addams and Starr decided that Hull House would have two purposes.One was to provide a way for wealthy people to learn about poor people,as they worked to improve the lives of the poor.Chapter 2Hull House was originally owned by a wealthy businessman,Charles Hull.The mansion had been built in 1856.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:506Bettmann/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 6001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 617/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMThe other purpose was to offer the working people opportunities that were usually reserved only for the wealthy,such as education and music lessons.Addams and Starr wanted well-educated men and women to come to live at Hull House.While they lived there,they would get to know the working people in the poor,rundown houses in the neighborhood.They would also organize lectures,clubs,and classes for the local people.Addams had enough money to repair Hull House and fill it with furniture.She also sought money from other wealthy citizens to help keep the house running.Life in the CityIndustry was booming in Chicago at the time that Addams and Starr set up Hull House.Thousands of immigrants from Europe had flocked to America.They hoped for a better way of life and came to Chicago to look for work in factories.Many struggled to learn English and earn enough money to survive.Often men,women,and children worked long hours in poor conditions for little pay,while their bosses,the business owners,became very wealthy.7Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 7001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 717/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMWith great anticipation,Addams and Starr opened Hull House in 1889.Other well-educated people were eager to help,and they came to live at Hull House,too.The house became a popular meeting place for local people.Hull House offered classes on many subjects,including the English language.After a while,it housed a theater,a library,an art gallery,a kitchen,a gymnasium,and a music school.It also provided many services such as child care,medical care,and legal aid.Thousands of people visited Hull House.They were impressed by what they saw happening there.Addams started clubs for children.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:508Underwood&Underwood/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 8001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 817/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMAddams became known as a kind,compassionate person.She was also an outspoken advocate for the poor.She gave talks to many different groups and organizations,spreading the word about helping the poor.Addams became famous throughout the United States,and as a result of her work,many other settlement houses were created in other cities.However,Hull House needed money to keep going.Addams began writing books.She was a good writer,and her autobiography,Twenty Years at Hull House,became very famous.Addams s books made a lot of money,which she poured back into her work.Addams wrote a total of 13 books.Valuing TraditionsAddams set up a labor museum at Hull House as a way to value older immigrants.They were able to use old spinning frames and weaving looms to demonstrate their knowledge of traditional arts and crafts.Addams said of the museum that“far beyond its direct educational value,we prize it because it so often puts the immigrants into the position of teachers it affords them a pleasant change from the tutelage in which all Americans,including their own children,are so apt to hold them.”9Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Division LC-USZ61-144001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 9001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 917/02/12 2:07 PM17/02/12 2:07 PMChapter 3In Addams s lifetime,men,women,and children from the poor areas of Chicago all went to work.Most worked long hours for very little pay,and they were expected to work in terrible conditions.However,they would starve if they didn t work.Addams heard of three children who were injured at the factory where they worked.One of them died.The machine they used was dangerous.Addams talked to the factory owner and asked him to put a protective cage over the dangerous machine.She was shocked when the owner refused.Children often worked in textile mills like this one.10Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division LC-DIG-nclc-01383010_015_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 10010_015_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 1017/02/12 2:09 PM17/02/12 2:09 PMAddams realized that she could not help all the poor people in America by herself.She could see that poverty would be an ongoing problem unless the laws were changed.She began to talk with politicians in the state of Illinois,trying to persuade them to improve the laws about child labor,factory conditions,and the justice system for young people.Addams worked to limit women s work hours to eight hours a day and to make school free and compulsory for all children.Changes didn t happen overnight,but people began to listen to Addams.Other citizens began to speak out against child labor,and attitudes began to change.Gradually,the laws were reformed.Children Are CheapMost factory bosses did not want the child labor laws to be changed.They argued that child labor taught children the value of hard work.They said that many widows depended on the money their working children brought to their households.The bosses also said that their businesses would not survive without cheap child labor.Child labor was finally banned in 1938.11Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50010_015_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 11010_015_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 1117/02/12 2:09 PM17/02/12 2:09 PMAddams knew that it was necessary to change people s attitudes in order to bring about positive changes in society.While she is well known for working to improve the lives and rights of individuals,she also helped groups of people who were treated unfairly because of their race.She co-founded the American Civil Liberties Union(ACLU)and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP).Both of these organizations still exist today.“Nothing could be worse than the fear that one has given up too soon,and left one unexpended effort that might have saved the world.”Jane Addams A Responsibility to Change Things For the BetterAddams believed that everyone has a responsibility to help others and to work to bring about positive changes in society.Throughout her life,she tried to bring about change in many areas of life.She worked for the rights of ethnic minorities and women,for improved public health services,for the needs of children,for the poor,and for peace.She wrote:“What after all has maintained the human race on this old globe,despite all the calamities of nature and all the tragic failings of mankind,if not the faith in new possibilities and the courage to advocate them?”12Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50010_015_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 12010_015_CR14_LR_G5_U4W3L50_O_118619.indd 1217/02/12 2:09 PM17/02/12 2:09 PMAddams also tried to change the way people thought about war.She felt that war was wrong,and she tried to stop World War I.Addams traveled around giving speeches against the war.Many people supported her.She helped to found a number of organizations to promote peace,including the Women s Peace Party and the International Congress of Women.She became the first president of the Women s International League for Peace and Freedom.The Womens Peace Party delegates sailed on this ship to the International Congress of Women in the Hague in 1915.Pe e ea a ac c ce e e a a an n nd d d d F F Fr r re e ee e ed d do o ommm.The Womens Peace Party delegatessailed on this ship to the InternationalSome of the things Addams said made her unpopular with people.She received nasty letters,and some newspapers said disapproving things about her,but Addams was unstoppable.She kept doing what she thought was right.She couldn t stop World War I,but she knew that she was entitled to speak her mind,and she was determined to change people s attitudes about war.13Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U4W3 OPDFVendor:L