MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G5_ELL_U2W3_08.pdf

by Jocelyn CranefieldGreen RevolutionGreen RevolutionNormanNormanBorlaugBorlaugand theand theBiographyBiographyPAIREDREADGolden ApplesProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40CV_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 2CV_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 210/02/12 8:43 AM10/02/12 8:43 AMAPhotography Credit:(c)Micheline Pelletier/Sygma/CORBIS,(t and b)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing.*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.STRATEGIES&SKILLSComprehensionStrategy:RereadSkill:SequenceVocabulary StrategyGreek and Latin SuffixesVocabularybehaviors,disappearance,energetic,flurry,migrate,observations,theory,transformedELL vocabularyclimates,innovations,shortageContent Standards ScienceScience as InquiryWord Count:1,254*Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-118732-4MHID:0-02-118732-0Printed in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 2IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 210/02/12 8:45 AM10/02/12 8:45 AMby Jocelyn CranefieldGreen RevolutionGreen RevolutionNormanNormanBorlaugBorlaugand theand thePAIREDREADChapter 1An Iowa Boy.2Chapter 2Borlaug Goes to Mexico .5Chapter 3A Breakthrough .8Chapter 4More Wheat for the World.12Respond to Reading.15Golden Apples .16Glossary/Index .19 Focus on Science .20Essential Question How do we investigate questions about nature?Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 1001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 110/02/12 8:57 AM10/02/12 8:57 AMWhen Norman Borlaug was a young boy,he and his friends were caught in a blizzard.Norman became exhausted from walking in the wind and cold.He decided to lie down in the snow.His cousin Sina shouted at him.She told him to keep moving.Sina made Norman get up and walk.She saved his life by not letting him lie down in the snow.Years later,Norman said that Sina s actions inspired him.An Iowa BoyAn Iowa BoyChapter 1Norman walked to school in all kinds of weather.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:402(bkgd)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing,(b)Richard Mack/Workbook Stock/Getty Images001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 2001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 210/02/12 8:57 AM10/02/12 8:57 AMNorman was born in Saude,Iowa,in 1914.He was the oldest child.People in the community were farmers.Norman helped his family raise cattle,pigs,and chickens and grow oats and corn.At school,students began each day by singing“The Iowa Corn Song.”In the winter,there were 16 students,but in the summer,there were only 10 or 12 students.The older boys had to harvest the crops in the summer.Norman Borlaug wrestled in high school.He was made a member of the National Wrestling Hall of Fame in 1992.Child is a singular noun.What is the plural form of this noun?LanguageDetective3Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Image courtesy of the University of Minnesota Archives,University of Minnesota-Twin Cities(g)ggg,()yg001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 3001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 310/02/12 8:57 AM10/02/12 8:57 AMAfter high school,Borlaug attended the University of Minnesota.He worked to help pay for his education.This was during the Great Depression.Borlaug met many people who had lost their jobs,savings,and property.He was shocked.In college,Borlaug heard a scientist named Dr.Elvin Stakman talk about rust fungus,a microscopic spores that destroys crops.Dr.Stakman said that if scientists could help plants resist rust fungus,they could end world hunger.Borlaug was interested in the idea.He decided to study with Dr.Stakman.This wheat stem has rust.Microscopic rust spores are picked up by the wind and carried from plant to plant.STOP AND CHECKWhy did Borlaug study with Dr.Stakman?rust fungusProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:404Ted Streshinsky/CORBIS001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 4001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 410/02/12 8:57 AM10/02/12 8:57 AMGorlaug Goes to MexicoWhen Borlaug finished college in 1942,he worked for a chemical company.In 1944,Dr.Stakman encouraged Borlaug to work on a project to solve the food shortage problem in Mexico.Mexico didn t have enough food for its population.Borlaug needed to figure out how to grow more wheat and increase the yield of the crop.YIELDPeople only use the seed,or grain,of wheat for food.Yield is the amount of grain that is grown on a piece of land.A high yield means more wheat was grown,and people have more food to eat.These are the parts of the wheat plant.Chapter 2seedsstemleafrootsheadBorlaug Goes to Mexico5Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40(t)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing,(b)illustration:Peter Campbell001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 5001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 510/02/12 8:57 AM10/02/12 8:57 AMBorlaug needed to solve another problem.The rust fungus was ruining the wheat crop in Mexico.He needed to create a type of wheat that resisted rust fungus.Borlaug started working at the Yaqui Valley Experiment Station in Sonora,Mexico.The research station had perfect conditions for growing wheat.It was warm and sunny.The soil was fertile,and the land was irrigated.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:406001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 6001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 610/02/12 8:57 AM10/02/12 8:57 AMBorlaug had a theory about how to double the rate of breeding wheat.He also had a new method to test his theory.At that time,scientists normally bred plants in one place.This made it easy to control the growing conditions and compare the results of experiments.The Yaqui Valley was a good place to grow wheat in the winter,but it was too hot in the summer.Borlaug needed a different place to grow wheat in the summer.Then he could grow wheat and experiment all year long.The Yaqui Valley is called the home of the“green revolution”because of the work Borlaug did there.STOP AND CHECKWhat problems did Norman Borlaug try to solve in Mexico?Ted Streshinsky/CORBISProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:407001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 7001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 710/02/12 8:57 AM10/02/12 8:57 AMA BreakthroughNorman Borlaug was energetic.He looked all around Mexico for places to grow wheat in the summer.He found two places.They were the Toluca Valley and Chapingo.They were much cooler than Yaqui Valley.Chapter 3A BreakthroughNow Borlaug could grow wheat throughout the year.He could grow wheat in the Yaqui Valley in the winter and in the Toluca Valley and at Chapingo in the summer.WHEAT-BREEDING SITES IN MEXICOYaqui ValleyToluca ValleyChapingoMexico CityGulf of MexicoMexicoPacific OceanU UNITU UNITUNITUNITNITUNITUNITU U UNITNUNITED SED SEDED SED SED SED D SD D D SDTATETATETATETATETATEATTATETATTAT TES S S S S SOF OFOF AOF AOF AOF AOF AF AOF F AOF A AOAOF F A AOF A A AMERIMERIMERIMERIMERIMERIMERIMERIMEREMCACACAC CACAC CACAC C CACB B B BELIB B B B B BZEGUATGUATGUATGUATGUATUATGUATUGUATGUATUATGUGUATGUATUEMALEMALEMALEMALEMAEMALEMAEMMALE EALALEMALEMA A A A A A A A A A A8Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40(t)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing,(b)illustration:Peter Campbell001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 8001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 810/02/12 8:57 AM10/02/12 8:57 AMBorlaugBorlaug and his team started crossbreeding different types of wheat.They made observations of each generation of plants.Borlaug took notes about the size of the plants,how fast they grew,and how well they resisted disease.Then Borlaug picked the best plants and crossbred them with other types of wheat.He grew the new generations at the new sites.By moving plants between places with different growing seasons,he doubled the breeding rate of the wheat in his program.Borlaug proved that his theory was correct.CROSSBREEDING Crossbreeding is a way scientists combine plants to create a new kind of plant.A crossbred plant is called a hybrid.The hybrid has a combination of the features of the original plants.Norman Borlaug and a group of Mexican farmers look closely at some wheat plants.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:409Courtesy CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 9009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 910/02/12 9:01 AM10/02/12 9:01 AM In Other Words were in a straight shape.En espaol,stayed upright quiere decir mantenerse derecha.Borlaug and his team developed a strain,or variety,of wheat that resisted the rust fungus.They were excited about the disappearance of the rust fungus,but they had a new problem.The new wheat bent over.The team crossbred the new strain with shorter plants,called dwarfs.Dwarfs had strong,thick stems,so the plants stayed upright.Also,dwarfs produced more grain.Borlaug had developed a new variety of wheat that resisted disease and had short,strong stems.Norman Borlaug shows two varieties of wheat.10Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Associated Press009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 10009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 1010/02/12 9:01 AM10/02/12 9:01 AMNorman Borlaug worked in Mexico for more than 15 years,and his work was a huge success.He developed more than 40 short types of high-yield wheat that resisted rust.The new wheat was grown in different climates and conditions.This made the wheat tough and adaptable.This was good news for farmers all over the world.After the new wheat strains were planted throughout Mexico,the wheat yield increased greatly.Between 1945 and 1965,the yield increased by ten times.Wheat yield in 1945:approx.250,000 tonsWheat yield in 1965:approx.2,500,000 tonsMEXICOS WHEAT YIELDSBEFORE NEW WHEAT STRAINS WERE PLANTEDAFTER NEW WHEAT STRAINS WERE PLANTEDSTOP AND CHECK How did Borlaug prove his theory was correct?11Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Illustration:Peter Campbell009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 11009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 1110/02/12 9:01 AM10/02/12 9:01 AMMEXICO,INDIA,AND PAKISTANMexicoPakistanIndiaAFRIAFAFRIAFRIAFRIAFRIAFRAFRIAFRIAFAFRIAFRIAFAFRIFRAFRAFRIAFRIAFRIAFRIAFRAFRIAFRIAFRAFRIA A R RFRIA A AF F F FA A ACACACACACACACACACAC CACACACACACACACACACACA ACACA A AC CASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIASIASIAIAASIASIAASIAASIAASIAIAIA AASIAASIAIASIAASIASEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROUROEUROEUROOEUROEUROEUROROOOUROUROEUROEUROOOREUROOUROOPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPE EPEPEPE E E E E ESOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTS SOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTS SOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTOUTOUTUT TSOUTSOSOUTSOUTOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTUOUTSOUTUT TUTUT T TU H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HAMERAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMERE ERMERAMERERAMERA AMERAMERAME ERMERMER R RMARM R R R R RICAICAICAICAICAICICAICAICAICAICAICA ACAICAICAICICACACAC CAI AICAICI ICICICAICICAI IC CAI ICIC CACIC CNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTONORTONORTNORTNONORTNONORTORTORTOORTRO TNR H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMERAMERA AMERAMERAMERAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERMEAMERA A ARMER RAMERA AR R RICAICAICAICAICAICAI ICAICAICAICAICAICAICAICA AICACAICAI ICAICA AC CAI A AAtlantic OceanIndian OceanPacificOceanMore Wheat for the WorldIn 1965,Borlaug shipped 450 tons of the new wheat seeds from Mexico to India and Pakistan.In the 1960s,Norman Borlaug started working on another problem.India and Pakistan could not produce enough food for their populations.Scientists thought millions of people could starve.Borlaug sent hundreds of tons of his new wheat seeds to India and Pakistan.He explained to government officials how to grow the wheat seeds.Chapter 4More Wheat for the World12Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40(t)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing,(b)illustration:Peter Campbell009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 12009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 1210/02/12 9:01 AM10/02/12 9:01 AMThe new types of wheat were planted across India and Pakistan.Between 1964 and 2001,the yield of wheat production in Pakistan increased from 4.5 to 22 million tons.In India,the yield rose from 12 to 75 million tons!In addition to Borlaug s new wheat plants,his ideas started to migrate around the world,too.In a flurry of activity,stations for crossbreeding plants were set up in India,Pakistan,Canada,the United States,and South America by the late 1960s.Scientists in these stations changed their behaviors.They began to work together as a community.They shared test results and sent each other seeds.It was a new way of working for them.The new wheat plants grew quickly,but they needed a lot of water and nutrients.Borlaug encouraged farmers to use irrigation and fertilizer.The new plants,combined with the new farming methods,were called the“green revolution.”Borlaug taught Indian scientists and farmers about the new wheat.Community is a singular noun.What is the plural form of this noun?LanguageDetectiveProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:4013Pallava Bagla/Sygma/CORBIS009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 13009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 1310/02/12 9:01 AM10/02/12 9:01 AMIn 1970,Norman Borlaug won the Nobel Peace Prize for his years of hard work.Nobody had ever won the prize for growing plants before!Some experts estimate that Norman Borlaug s work has saved a billion lives.His innovations transformed farming and helped people see that science and technology could improve the way plants are grown.Borlaug also helped build a global community of scientists who work together to solve problems.THE BLUE REVOLUTIONBefore he died,at age 95,Norman Borlaug became concerned about a future world shortage of water.He called for a“blue revolution”to conserve water.Borlaugs ideas helped people all over the world.STOP AND CHECKHow did Borlaug s work help the world?Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 EPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:4014Christopher R.Dowswell009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 14009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_E_118732.indd 1410/02/12 9:01 AM10/02/12 9:01 AMEventSummarizeUse important events from Norman Borlaug and the Green Revolution to summarize how Norman Borlaug investigated nature