MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G5_Approach_U2W3_08.pdf

BiographyPAIREDREADGolden Applesby Jocelyn CranefieldGreen RevolutionGreen RevolutionNormanNormanBorlaugBorlaugand theand theProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40CV_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 2CV_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 226/01/12 2:30 PM26/01/12 2:30 PMASTRATEGIES&SKILLSComprehensionStrategy:RereadSkill:SequenceVocabulary StrategyGreek and Latin SuffixesVocabularybehaviors,disappearance,energetic,flurry,migrate,observation,theory,transformedContent StandardsScienceScience as InquiryPhotography Credit:(c)Micheline Pelletier/Sygma/CORBIS,(t and b)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing.*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.Word Count:1,300*Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-118554-2MHID:0-02-118554-9Printed in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 2IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 226/01/12 2:32 PM26/01/12 2:32 PMby Jocelyn CranefieldGreen RevolutionGreen RevolutionNormanNormanBorlaugBorlaugand theand thePAIREDREADChapter 1An Iowa Boy.2Chapter 2Work in Mexico.5Chapter 3The Answer.8Chapter 4More Wheat for the World.12Respond to Reading.15Golden Apples .16Glossary/Index .19Focus on Science.20Essential QuestionHow do we investigate questions about nature?Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 1001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 110/02/12 10:23 AM10/02/12 10:23 AMNorman Borlaug and his friends were on their way to school when they were caught in a blizzard.Walking in the wind and cold made Norman exhausted.He decided to lie down in the deep,soft snow.He told his friends he could not keep going.His cousin Sina made him get back up and keep going.By not letting him stop,she saved his life.Years later,Norman said Sina inspired him by refusing to let him give up.An Iowa BoyAn Iowa BoyChapter 1Norman had to walk to school in all kinds of weather.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:402(bkgd)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing,(b)Richard Mack/Workbook Stock/Getty Images001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 2001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 210/02/12 10:23 AM10/02/12 10:23 AMGIVING 105%Norman wrestled in high school.His coach encouraged him to“give 105%.”This idea helped him to be tough and strong in later life.Norman Borlaug was born on a farm in Iowa,in 1914.He was the eldest of four children.People in this farming community worked the land to survive.From a young age Norman had to work on the farm,too.He helped his family raise cattle,pigs,and chickens.He also helped them grow oats and corn.In the winter,there were 16 students at his school,but in the summer,there were only 10 or 12.The older boys had to help harvest the crops.Norman Borlaug was made a member of the National Wrestling Hall of Fame in 1992.Image courtesy of the University of Minnesota Archives,University of Minnesota-Twin Cities3Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40(g)ggg,()yg001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 3001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 310/02/12 10:23 AM10/02/12 10:23 AMWhen Norman finished high school,his grandfather encouraged him to keep studying.Norman enrolled at the University of Minnesota.He worked to help pay for his education there.This was during the Great Depression.Norman was shocked to meet many desperate,poor people who had lost all they had.One day in college,Norman heard a scientist,Dr Stakman,talk about microscopic fungus spores called rust that destroys crops.Dr.Stakman said that if they could prevent rust,it would help to end world hunger.Norman was interested in this idea,and he decided to study with Dr.Stakman.Microscopic rust spores are picked up by the wind and carried from plant to plant.STOP AND CHECKWho helped Norman become aplant scientist?Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:404Ted Streshinsky/CORBIS001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 4001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 410/02/12 10:23 AM10/02/12 10:23 AMWork in MexicoWhen he finished college in 1942,Norman Borlaug got a job with a chemical company.Then in 1944,his former teacher,Dr.Stakman,encouraged him to help solve Mexico s food shortage.Mexico needed more food for its growing population.Borlaug s job was to figure out how to grow more wheat on the land.This would increase the land s yield.He would work together with farmers and scientists to solve the problem.Work in MexicoChapter 2YIELDThe only part of wheat used for food is the seed,or grain.Yield is the amount of grain that comes from a piece of land.The higher the yield,the more people can be fed.The head of the wheat plant makes up its yield.seedsstemleafrootshead5Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40(t)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing,(b)illustration:Peter Campbell001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 5001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 510/02/12 10:23 AM10/02/12 10:23 AMThere was another problem.Mexico s wheat was being ruined by rust fungus.Borlaug needed to breed a new type of wheat that was resistant to rust.This breeding process would normally take 10 to 12 years.Borlaug had to find a faster way.He started working at the Yaqui(YAH-kee)Valley Experiment Station in Sonora,Mexico.The conditions at the research station were perfect for growing wheat.It was warm and sunny,the soil was fertile,and the land was irrigated.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:406001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 6001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 610/02/12 10:23 AM10/02/12 10:23 AMSTOP AND CHECKWhat problem was Norman Borlaug working onin Mexico?Norman Borlaug had a theory about how to double the rate of breeding new wheat.At that time,scientists normally bred plants in one place.This made it easy to control the conditions and compare the results.The Yaqui Valley was a good place to grow wheat in the winter,but in the summer it was too hot.Borlaug needed to find somewhere else to grow wheat in the summer.Then he could run his experiments all year long.This would speed up the process.Yaqui Valley is sometimes called the home of the“green revolution”because of Borlaugs work there.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:407Ted Streshinsky/CORBIS001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 7001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 710/02/12 10:23 AM10/02/12 10:23 AMThe AnswerNorman Borlaug was energetic in his work.He traveled around Mexico looking for places where wheat would grow in the summer.Hundreds of miles away,in the cooler south,he found two places near each other that seemed perfect.They were the Toluca(toh-LOO-kah)Valley and Chapingo(chah-PEEN-goh).Now he could grow wheat all year long.Chapter 3The AnswerWHEAT-BREEDING SITES IN MEXICOYaqui ValleyToluca ValleyChapingoGulf of MexicoPacific OceanUNIUNITUNITUNITU UNITNITU UNIT TU UNITITNITNITU UNED SED SED SED SED SEDE ED ED SED S SD S SD STATETATETATTATETATETATETATTATT TETATETTS S S S S S SOFOF AOF AOF OF AOOF AOF AOF A AF AF A A AF AF A A AOMERIMERIMERIMERIMERIMERIMERIERIMERIMEMERMCACACACACAC CAC CACA ACAC CBELIZEGUATGUATG GUATGUATGUATUATGUAT TGUATGUATUATGUAGUAGTEMAEMALEMALEMALEMALEMALMAEMAEMALE E EMALMMALEMLA A A A A A A A A AMexico City(t)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing,(b)illustration:Peter Campbell8Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 8001_008_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 810/02/12 10:23 AM10/02/12 10:23 AMWith the help of local farmers,Borlaug started crossbreeding different kinds of wheat in the Yaqui Valley.He spent hours observing each generation of plants.He took notes on their size,how fast they grew,and their resistance to disease.He picked the best plants and crossed them with other good plants.This process resulted in new types of wheat.Borlaug then started moving the new wheat plants to the south.There he continued his observation and crossbreeding of plants.By moving plants between sites with different growing seasons,he doubled the breeding rate of the wheat.This proved that his theory was correct.Borlaug(third from left)with a group of Mexican farmers in a wheat field.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:409Courtesy CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 9009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 920/02/12 1:14 PM20/02/12 1:14 PMBorlaug and his team developed a type of wheat that resisted disease.They were excited about the disappearance of the rust,but there was a new problem.The new plants often bent over from the weight of their own grain.They started using shorter plants,called dwarfs.The strong,thick stems of these plants helped them to stay up,and they produced more grain.Borlaug crossed the dwarf plants with the taller wheat.He created a new type of wheat that was disease resistant and had short,strong stems.Norman Borlaug shows two varieties of wheat.10Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Associated Press009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 10009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 1020/02/12 1:14 PM20/02/12 1:14 PMSTOP AND CHECKHow did Borlaug fi gure out that he could grow wheat all year?Norman Borlaug worked in Mexico for over 15 years.His work there was a huge success.In the end,he bred more than 40 short,rust-resistant types of high-yield wheat.His system of breeding had another benefit.The new wheat had been grown in different climates,with different numbers of daylight hours.This made it tough and adaptable.It could be grown in many places and conditions around the world.After the new wheat was planted in Mexico,the wheat yield increased.Wheat yield in 1945:about 250,000 tonsWheat yield in 1965:about 2,500,000 tonsMEXICOS WHEAT YIELDS11Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40Illustration:Peter Campbell009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 11009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 1120/02/12 1:14 PM20/02/12 1:14 PMMexicoPakistanIndiaAFRIAFAFRIAFRIAFRIAFRIAFRAFRIAFRIAFAFRIAFRIAFAFRIFRAFRAFRIAFRIAFRIAFRIAFRAFRIAFRIAFRAFRIA A R RFRIA A AF F F FA A ACACACACACACACACACAC CACACACACACACACACACACA ACACA A AC CASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIAASIASIASIAIAASIASIAASIAASIAASIAIAIA AASIAASIAIASIAASIASEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROEUROUROEUROEUROOEUROEUROEUROROOOUROUROEUROEUROOOREUROOUROOPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPE EPEPEPE E E E E ESOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTS SOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTS SOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTOUTOUTUT TSOUTSOSOUTSOUTOUTSOUTSOUTSOUTUOUTSOUTUT TUTUT T TU H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HAMERAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMERE ERMERAMERERAMERA AMERAMERAME ERMERMER R RMARM R R R R RICAICAICAICAICAICICAICAICAICAICAICA ACAICAICAICICACACAC CAI AICAICI ICICICAICICAI IC CAI ICIC CACIC CNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTNORTONORTONORTNORTNONORTNONORTORTORTOORTRO TNR H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMERAMERA AMERAMERAMERAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERAMERAMEAMERAMERMEAMERA A ARMER RAMERA AR R RICAICAICAICAICAICAI ICAICAICAICAICAICAICAICA AICACAICAI ICAICA AC CAI A AAtlantic OceanIndian OceanPacificOceanMore Wheat for the WorldMEXICO,INDIA,AND PAKISTANIn the 1960s India and Pakistan were struggling to produce enough food for their populations.Many scientists believed that millions of people could starve.Borlaug shipped hundreds of tons of the new wheat seeds to India and Pakistan.He explained to people in the governments there how to grow them.Chapter 4More Wheat for the WorldIn 1965,Borlaug shipped 450 tons of the new wheat seeds from Mexico to India and Pakistan.(t)Tinke Hamming/Ingram Publishing,(b)illustration:Peter Campbell12Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 12009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 1220/02/12 1:14 PM20/02/12 1:14 PMWithin a few years,the new types of wheat were growing across many parts of India and Pakistan.Yields increased remarkably.It was not just Borlaug s seeds that traveled around the world.His ideas started to migrate,too.In a flurry of activity,plant-breeding stations were set up in India,Pakistan,Canada,the United States,and countries in South America.Scientists began working together as a community.They shared test results and sent each other seeds.They changed their behaviors.It was a whole new way of working.The high-yield wheat grew quickly,but it needed a lot of water and nutrients.Borlaug encouraged farmers to use irrigation and fertilizer.Together,the new plants and these new farming methods were called the“green revolution.”Borlaug taught Indian scientists and farmers about the new wheat.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:4013Pallava Bagla/Sygma/CORBIS009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 13009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 1320/02/12 1:14 PM20/02/12 1:14 PMSTOP AND CHECKHow did Borlaug s“green revolution”help the world?In 1970 Borlaug won the Nobel Peace Prize.Nobody had ever won it for growing plants before!Norman Borlaug is credited with saving a billion lives.His innovations transformed farming and helped people see that science and technology could improve farming.He also helped to build a global community of scientists who could work together on solving problems.The effects of his work can still be seen today.THE BLUE REVOLUTIONBefore he died,at age 95,Norman Borlaug became concerned about a future world shortage of water.He called for a“blue revolution”to conserve water.Borlaugs ideas helped people all over the world.14Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U2 W3 APDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:40creditsChristopher R.Dowswell009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 14009_015_CR14_LR_G5_U2W3L40_A_118555.indd 1420/02/12 1:14 PM20/02/12 1:14 PMEventSummarizeUse important events from Norman Borlaug and the Green Revolution to summarize how Norman Borlaug investigated his questions about nature.Events from your graphic organizer may help you.Text Evidence1.How do you know that Norman Borlaug and the Green Revolution is a biography?GENRE2.In Chapter 1,what was the sequence of events that led Borlaug to work as a plant scientist?SEQUENCE3.The suffix-ic means“of or like something